1
any abnormal pattern of electrical activity in the heart
Arrhythmia
Relaxes venous blood vessels, may cause fainting if exposed to wrong patient
Nitroglycerin
Break up mucus, and reduce mucus viscosity making it easier to be coughed up and removed from the respiratory tract
Mucolytics
Does not stop active coughing but when there's mucus build up in the lungs and other areas of the respiratory tract it essentially thins the mucus to be more easily “coughed up”
Expectorants
Safety precautions and protocols MUST always be taken in patients displaying:
respiratory symptoms
Increase strength of muscle contractions in a heart where muscles have weakened
Positive inotropic agents
Potassium-sparing diuretic
Competitive antagonist of hormone aldosterone
Spironolactone
Increase the fluidity/viscosity of mucus in the respiratory tract by generating liquid secretions by respiratory tract cells
Expectorants
Device that administers the aerosolized liquid substance/drug into a fine mist for inhalation via a face mask or other attachment
Nebulizer
High Risk places for respiratory disease transmission: (5)
Day care/Boarding, Breeders, dog parks, catteries, rescues
Relax and dilate smooth muscle in blood vessel walls
Make arteries and veins wider allowing blood to flow through with less effort
Vasodilators
NOT cardio drug but used to reduce cerebral edema
associated with head trauma and as a diuretic for flushing absorbed toxins from the body.
Mannitol
Relaxes the smooth muscles in the airway (bronchi and bronchioles)
This effect helps dilate/widen the airways in the lungs (bronchodilation)
Bronchodilators
(C-IV Opioid), antitussive- Doubles in use as a sedative and analgesic , injectable form most common, antitussive
Butorphanol (Torb)
Increase urine formation and promote water loss from the body decreasing edema (Excessive fluid retention amongst tissues) in the body and the lungs
Diuretics
Small therapeutic index
Dosage has a “Small Window ” between desired therapeutic concentrations and toxic concentrations
Common Signs/Symptoms Respiratory Disease: (6)
Coughing Hacking ,Wheezing, Coughing, Hacking, Wheezing, Rattled breathing , Ocular and nasal discharge, Sneezing, Abdominal or open mouth Breathing
Used for relief of nasal congestion, Reduce congestion (vascular engorgement lea) of the mucous membranes
Decongestants
(C-III Opioid), anitussive- Has additional sedative and analgesic effects, Like other opioids prolonged use can result in constipation, Clients should be informed of these side effects
Hydrocodone
Loop diuretic, Inhibit sodium resorption from loop of Henle in Nephrons
Furosemide (Lasix/Salix)
Cardio- Make more calcium available for the contractile elements within cardiac muscle cell
Digoxin
“Acetaminophen Antidote” = Used as treatment for acetaminophen toxicity in cats
Acetylcysteine
OTC cough, cold and flu products are formulated for people and commonly contain ingredients such as xylitol in cough syrup and acetaminophen added for pain
Dextromethorphan
Clients will often think this is vomiting or esophageal/tracheal foreign body; present with a moderate to severe non productive cough
Kennel Cough-Bordetella Bronchiseptica
Allow More blood flow to aorta; less backflow into left atrium, Aortic valve remains continues to function poorly but blood flow to the left side of the heart is improved
Hydralazine