Pathophysiology
What is the most common cause of mitral valve prolapse?
Rheumatic fever
What patient population is most commonly affected by Thromboangiitis obliterans?
males, 20-45 years who smoke
What diagnostic test will confirm most valvular pathology?
ECHO
What is first line therapy for Dressler's syndrome?
Aspirin + Colchicine
An abdominal aorta of what value is diagnostic for abdominal aortic aneurysm?
> 3 cm
What is the most common cause of mitral regurgitation?
Mitral valve prolapse
A patient with temporal arteritis will likely have what complaints/symptoms on history?
–Headache
–Jaw Claudication (with mastication)
–Visual changes
–Scalp tenderness
What is the cardiac catheterization finding in a patient with stress cardiomyopathy?
Apical ballooning in the setting of normal coronary arteries
What is first line therapy for a patient with mitral valve prolapse without complaints?
What medication reduces all cause morbidity and mortality in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome?
Aspirin! :D
Torsades de pointe is most commonly due to what electrolyte abnormality?
Hypomagnesia
What are physical exam findings in a patient with chronic venous insufficiency?
Pitting Edema
Stasis dermatitis
Eczematous rash / Excoriations
Hyperpigmentation
Venous stasis ulcers
Atrophie blanche
Varicosities
Which cardiac biomarker could be used to detect an, "old MI" (one that occurred ~ 4 days ago)?
LDH
What is first line pharmacologic therapy for a patient with peripheral arterial disease?
Cilostazol
What patient population is at greatest risk for the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Old (>60 years), white, male, smokers
What is the most common etiology of infectious pericarditis?
Echoviruses / Cocksackie virus
What are the physical exam findings in a patient with pericardial constriction?
•Increased JVP
•Kussmal’s sign
•Pericardial, “knock” (early diastolic sound)
•Chronic edema
A non-fasting lipid panel should be repeated when triglycerides are greater than what value?
> 350 mg/dL
What is first line pharmacologic therapy for a patient with stable, supraventricular tachycardia?
IV Adenosine
What is the definition of hypertensive emergency?
- Significant elevated BP (SBP >180mmHg, DBP >120mmHg)
+signs or symptoms of acute / on-going target end-organ damage
List 5 etiologies of secondary hypertension
1. pheochromocytoma
2. liddle syndrome
3. cushings disease
4. obstructive sleep apnea
5. renal artery stenosis
6. primary hyperaldosteronism
Name the 6 P's of acute limb ischemia due to arterial thrombosis
1. Pallor
2. Pain
3. Paresthesia
4. Pulselesness
5. Poikilothermic
6. Paralysis
What lab test is used to identify and risk stratify patients with heart failure?
BNP
What is first line therapy for an hemodynamically unstable patient with pericardial tamponade?
Immediate pericardiocentesis
What is Ewart sign?
Dullness at the left lung base to percussion; seen in patients with pericardial effusion