Etiology/Pathophys
Most common cause of systolic heart failure
What is CAD?
Most common initial symptom of heart failure
What is dyspnea on exertion?
Size of abdominal aorta that is considered abnormal
What is over 3 cm?
Technique to determine if pt took adequate inspiration for chest radiograph
What is count the posterior ribs (should see at least 8)?
Treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans
What is smoking cesssation?
Organism responsible for development of rheumatic heart disease.
What is group A beta-hemalytic strep (S. pyogenes)?
Sudden onset severe tearing chest pain
What is aortic dissection?
What is Kussmaul sign?
(seen in constrictive pericarditis)
Classic EKG findings in acute pericarditis
What is widespread ST elevation and PR depression?
Usual medical treatment for acute pericarditis
What is ibuprofen and colchicine?
The 3 factors that lead to venous thrombosis
What are hypercoagulability, stasis, and endothelial injury?
Typical symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy
What are symptoms of both R- & L-sided heart failure (dyspnea, fatigue, swelling)?
Typical cardiac exam findings of dilated cardiomyopathy
What are S3 gallop and laterally displaced PMI?
Test of choice to rule out DVT in a pt with low likelihood
What is d-dimer?
Definitive treatment for constrictive pericarditis
What is pericardiectomy (pericardial window)?
A high catecholamine release that typically occurs after a catastrophic event in post-menopausal women
What is Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy
Most common and usually first symptom of acute rheumatic fever
Possible findings to suggest decreased perfusion in a pt presenting with acute decompensated heart failure
What are hypotension, cyanosis, cool extremities, altered mental status?
Test of choice to screen for or diagnose abdominal aortic aneurysm
What is abdominal ultrasound?
First line treatment for peripheral arterial disease
What is antiplatelet (ASA, clopidogrel), CV risk reduction with statin, HTN control, smoking cessation, weight loss, diet, exercise, & preventative foot care?
Condition(s) caused by either inherited or acquired (or combination) loss of integrity of aortic wall.
What are aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection?
Presenting symptoms of myocarditis
What are sx of heart failure, chest pain, palpitations, or sudden cardiac death?
(often days-wks after viral illness)
The 6 P's associated with acute occlusion of the limb
What are pain, pallor, pulselessness, polar (or poikilothermia), parathesias, paralysis?
3 findings on CXR to suggest interstitial edema
What are kerley B lines, peribronchial cuffing, and fluid in fissure(s)?
Recommended for pt with NYHC II-IV with LVEF <=35, in NSR with LBBB, QRS >=150ms
What is cardiac resynchronization therapy?