Physiology
Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?
Right side
This chamber pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
Left ventricle
Which blood vessel returns oxygenated blood from the lungs?
Pulmonary veins
Chest pain due to decreased blood flow to the heart is called:
Angina
What wave represents atrial depolarization?
P wave
What is the normal adult resting heart rate?
60–100 bpm
These valves prevent blood from flowing backward into the atria.
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
Correct sequence after blood enters the right atrium.
Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery
A blood pressure of 170/100 mmHg indicates:
Hypertension
The QRS complex represents:
Ventricular depolarization
The heart's natural pacemaker.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Largest artery in the body.
Aorta
Blood returns from the body through which veins?
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
A patient has crushing chest pain and elevated troponin. Likely diagnosis?
Myocardial Infarction
The T wave represents:
Ventricular repolarization
Which blood vessels allow exchange of oxygen and nutrients?
Capillaries
The layer of the heart responsible for contraction.
Myocardium
Which valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve
A patient has swollen legs and difficulty breathing because the heart cannot pump effectively. Diagnosis?
Heart Failure
Which interval measures conduction from the atria to ventricles?
PR Interval
What electrical event represents ventricular depolarization?
QRS Complex
Coronary arteries primarily supply blood to what organ?
The heart muscle
Arrange the complete circulation pathway.
Body → Vena Cava → Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium → Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
A patient suddenly develops facial drooping and slurred speech because of interrupted blood flow to the brain. Diagnosis?
Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)
Which cardiac rhythm is considered normal?
Normal Sinus Rhythm