Wild Card
Treatment of essential Hypertension
Stimulates CNS alpha 2 receptors, leading to decreased sympathetic Outflow from the CNS
Do not stop abruptly- can leads to relax tachycardia, hypertension
What is Clonidine ?
Sometimes used with aspirin, which increases the risk of bleeding. Discontinue at least 5-7 day before surgery.
-Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
-Prevention of recurrent MI
What is Clopidogrel ?
Increase intracellular calcium and allows more calcium to enter myocardial cells during depolarization
Treatment of HF, atrial filbrillation, and tachycardia
Increases cardic output and renal perfusion
what is Digoxin ?
Hypercholesterolemia
Inhibits peripheral breakdown of lipids reduces production of triglycerides and LDLs and increases HDL concentrations
What is Gemfibrozil ?
-Essential for cell growth and division and for the production of a strong stroma in RBCs
What is Folic Acid ?
Decreases heart rate, decrease myocardial contractility and rate of conduction through the AV node
-Caution for patients with diabetes and asthma (COPD)
-Because of blockage of sympathetic response blocks normal reflexes that are necessary for maintaining homeostasis
What is Metoprolol or Atenolol ?
Treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter
-Blocks the movement of calcium ions across the cell membrane, depressing the generation of action potentials, delaying phases 1 and 2 of repolarization, and slowing conduction through the AV node
What is Diltiazem ?
Prevents clotting by activating antithrombin, thus indirectly inactivating both thrombin and factor Xa. This inhibits fibrin formation.
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle with a resultant decrease in venous return and decrease in aterial blood pressure, reducing the left ventricular workload and decreases myocardial oxygen consumption.
What is
Nitroglycerin ?
Hypertension, mild to moderate heart failure, used as a combo medication
-Must have healthy kidney function
SE/AR- Dehydration, hypotension, hypokalemia (report K+ levels <3.5- can lead to arrhythmias)
What is Hydrochlorothiazide ?
Prevents DVT in hospitalized patients (surgery or immobilized) and treats DVT and PE
-Low molecular weight heparin
- Avoid concurrent use of aspirin
What is Enoxaparin ?
Venous and arterial dilation
-Smooth muscle relaxation of the prostatic capsule and bladder neck
Contraindication: Hypotension
What is Prazosin or Doxazosin ?
Correction of hemodynamic imbalances present in shock (hypotension with adequate volume)
What is Dopamine ?
Reduction of elevated serum cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia, pruritis associated with biliary obstruction
-The liver makes bile acids from cholestrol. When cholesterol levels drop, the liver uses LDL to make more bile acids
What is Cholestyramine ?
Treatment of hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and left ventricular dysfunction after an MI.
- 1 of 3 classes that affect the RAAS
Angioedema (airway obstruction), especially in AA
What is Captopril ?
Antagonizes Vitamin K, preventing coagulation
-Toxicity: Admin vitamin K, also have fresh frozen Plasma and Packed red blood cells ready and avaliable
What is Warfarin ?
-Dark Green stools
Use Z- track method when given IM
Not absorbed if taken with antacids, eggs, milk, coffee, or tea
Prevention and treatment of iron deficiency
What is Ferrous Sulfate ?
Alone on in combination for management of hypertension, diabetic nephropathy with an elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension
What is Losartan ?
Block calcium channels in blood vessels leading to vasodilation of cascular smooth muscle and in arteries of the heart
For hypertension and prevention of angina
What is Nifedipine ?
Use caution with clients who have hyperthyroidism, angina, tachycardia, and hypertension
-Cardiac failure, during or post cardiac arrest
What is Epinephrine ?
Pulmonary edema, edema caused by liver, cardiac or kidney disease hypertension
-Causes diuresis even with severe renal impairment
- Works in the loop of Henle, leading to sodium-rich diuresis
What is Furosemide ?
Used in minute amounts by the body and is stored for use if dietary intake falls. It is necessary not only for the health of RBCs but also for the formation and maintenance of the myelin sheaths of the CNS
- Strict Vegetarians have this deficiency
What is Vitamin B12 ?
Adjunt to diet in the treatment of elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL; to increase HDL with primay hypercholesterolemia
What is Atorvastatin ?
Slows the flow or blocks the influx of calcium into cells-Dose Dependent
75%-80%- absorbed on first-pass effect
Film-covered tablet in a variety of dosages
What is Verapmil ?
Combined with other diuretics to spare potassium for controlling blood pressure
-Monitor for metabolic acidosis and Hyperkalemia
Block the action of aldosterone
What is Spirinolactone ?