Causes chronic activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
What is DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT
100
Renal hypoperfusion from decreased cardiac output leads to activation of this
What is RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM (RAAS)
100
A waste product in your blood that comes from muscle activity this is normally removed from your blood by your kidneys. When kidney function slows down, this level rises.
What is CREATININE
100
This class of medication, which can cause worsening renal function, is used to reduce edema by reduction of blood volume and venous pressures,
What is DIURETIC
100
A patient with heart failure should be on this type of diet
What is WHAT IS CARDIAC DIET (SODIUM RESTRICTION)
200
symptoms of this condition include S3 or S4 heart sounds, new or changed murmur, hypertension, pulmonary edema, peripheral edema and tachypnea
What is HEART FAILURE
200
Angiotensinogen is changed to angiotensin I by this
What is RENIN
200
A substance secreted from the ventricles or lower chambers of the heart in response to changes in pressure that occur when heart failure develops and worsens.
What is B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
200
This class of medications is used to improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), prevent arrhythmias, and control ventricular rate
What is BETA-BLOCKER
200
Patient education with cardiac or renal disease should include these dietary modifications
What is ALCOHOL, SODIUM, FLUID INTAKE
300
Lung sound upon auscultation indicating fluid overload
What is CRACKLES
300
Chronic activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can lead to these cardiac changes
What is CARDIOMYOPATHY, HYPERTROPHY
300
A level below 60 mL/min for this lab value, suggests that some kidney damage has occurred
What is GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE
300
This medication is contraindicated in heart failure because they cause sodium retention and peripheral vasoconstriction, and they can enhance the toxicity of diuretics and ACE Inhibitors
What is NSAIDS
300
You teach your patient this extra heart tone is a result of volume overload
What is S3
400
Shortness of breath (especially with exertion), fatigue, weakness, tachypnea, and dizziness are all symptoms of this condition and can be caused by heart failure
What is PULMONARY EDEMA
400
Cardiorenal syndrome has five subtypes distinguished by this
What is PRIMARY ORGAN OF DYSFUNCTION
400
This lab value commonly becomes abnormal when loop diuretics are administered
What is POTASSIUM
400
This class of medication reduces preload and afterload
What is VASODILATORS
400
Patient education with renal disease should include limiting these
What is DIETARY PROTEIN, POTASSIUM, PHOSPHORUS, MAGNESIUM
500
Excess of this electrolyte can manifest in peaked T waves, PR prolongation, and QRS widening
What is POTASSIUM
500
As kidney function declines, close monitoring of these two electrolytes becomes more important
What is POTASSIUM and CALCIUM
500
When kidneys don't produce enough of the hormone erythropoietin needed to make red blood cells this condition can develop
What is ANEMIA
500
This class of medication blocks the production of Angiotensin II and thereby reduce the workload of the heart by dilating vessels and reducing blood pressure
What is ACE INHIBITORS
500
Patient education for self monitoring in renal or cardiac disease include these