Cardio1
Chamber of the heart that pumps low oxygenated blood to the lungs.
Right ventricle
Vessels where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and other substances occurs.
Capillaries
Common passageway for both air and food.
Pharynx
A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates.
Motor Unit
This device records changes in the electrical activity of heart muscle during the cardiac cycle.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Arteries
Ajacent cardiac muscle fibers can be connected by these stuctures, which allow them to contract together as a unit.
Intercalated Discs (gap junctions)
During inspiration, atmospheric pressure becomes greater than this pressure, causing air to move into the lungs.
Intra-alveolar pressure
This ion, required for muscle contraction, is stored within the sarcoplasmic reticulum when the muscle is relaxed.
Calcium (Ca2+)
The protein that forms the thick filaments within myofibrils.
Myosin
The pacemaker of the heart.
SA (sinoatrial) node
These channels produce the long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle fiber action potential, which prevents tetanus of heart muscle.
L-type Ca2+ channels
During inspiration, contraction of these muscles cause the thoracic cavity to enlarge increasing the lung volume.
Diaphragm and rib external intercostal muscles
The dihydropyridine receptors in the T tubules are attached to this receptor located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Ryanodine receptor
The volume of air that is not available for exchange.
Dead space volume.
Structures that prevent blood from flowing backward in both the heart and veins.
Valves
Sympathetic nerves to the heart release this neurotransmitter to increase heart rate.
Norepinephrine
As this pressure becomes more negative, the lungs will expand and increase in volume.
Intrapleural pressure
This molecule in skeletal muscle fibers stores oxygen and can release it when needed.
Myoglobin
Both the cardiovascular and respiratory control centers are located in this part of the CNS.
Medulla
These sensory neurons, located in the aorta and carotid arteries, monitor our blood pressure.
Baroreceptors
The period of the cardiac cycle when all heart valves are closed, the ventricles are contracting, but their fibers are not shortening.
Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
This lung pressure must always be subatmospheric, otherwise the lung would collapse.
Intrapleural pressure.
Fast glycolytic fibers mainly rely on this process to produce ATP needed for muscle contraction.
Glycolysis
The amount of blood pumped by the heart per unit time.
Cardiac Output