Medications
Medication that induces a change in cardiac contractility has a ________ effect.
Inotropic
Blood goes from the superior and inferior vena cava to the ________________.
Right Atrium
__________ is the degree of pressure against which the left ventricle pumps.
Afterload
As electricity travels down the bundle branches, it first stimulates which part of the heart muscle?
Intraventricular septum
Name the AV valves of the heart
Tricuspid and Mitral
There is a slight delay in the ____________ so that atria can empty into the ventricles
AV node
T or F, If a medication has a positive chronotropic effect, it will decrease cardiac conductivity
False
It will increase heart rate
2/3 of the heart lies in a space known as the ______________.
mediastinum
Stroke volume X heart rate =
cardiac output
When the ventricles contract, which valves close?
tricuspid and mitral valve
What is the middle layer of the heart called?
Myocardium
Explain Einthoven triangle....
negative lead on the right arm, positive lead on the left leg
A pure alpha agent does what to the vessels?
Vasoconstriction
What is the percentage of blood ejected from the heart?
Ejection Fraction
**Daily Double**
Your patient that cannot breathe when he lays in bed is experiencing what?
Orthopnea
The hearts primary pacemaker is ________.
Firing rate?
SA Node, 60-100 bpm
Name the layers of the heart from the outside, in.
Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
During the ________ period, the cell is depolarized or in the process of repolarizing
refractory
T or F :
Metoprolol would counter act a medication like Atropine.False
Triggering the parasympathetic nervous system does what to the pupils?
Define Pulsus Alternans:
a pulse that alternates in strength from one beat to the next beat
The heart muscle is the only muscle that can generate it own electrical impulse, this is known as _____________.
Automaticity
**Daily Double**
The left anterior descending and Circumflex arteries divide off of what major coronary artery?
Left Coronary Artery
This occurs when cell wall permeability changes and sodium rushes into the cell.
Depolarization
___________ medications have alpha and beta properties.
Sympathomimetics
You may see back flow into the left atrium if the __________ malfunctions
Mitral
To maintain proper electrolyte distribution, the body moves __ potassium ions into the cell for every __ sodium ions it moves out of the cell
2, 3
What is the normal QT interval?
0.36 - 0.44 sec
What is aberrant conduction?
Abnormal conduction
If the leads are applies correctly, which lead will be inverted on the 12 lead?
aVr
A medication with direct effect on the heart rate has a positive _____________ effect.
Chronotropic
What coronary artery supplies blood to the inferior wall of the heart?
right coronary artery
Describe the Frank-Starling effect?
Increased myocardial contractility secondary to stretching of the myocardial walls
**Daily Double**
_______ on the EKG indicates the an abnormal delay at the AV node
PR interval >0.20 sec
What is cardiac output?
How many large boxes is 6 seconds?
30 boxes
What is the first dose of Amiodarone in ventricular fibrillation?
300 mg
What does the circumflex artery supply blood to?
the lateral wall of the left ventricle
when the sodium and calcium channels close: ________ begins
repolarization
What part of the EKG represents ventricular repolarization?
QRS complex
What makes up the AV junction?
The AV node and surrounding tissue
What is the duration of the QRS complex?