Cardiac Basics
What is the normal range for an adult heart rate?
60-100 beats per minute
How deep should chest compressions be for an adult in CPR?
At least 2 inches but no more than 2.4 in
What is the standard adult does of aspirin for chest pain in the field?
4 Baby Aspirin
What does AED stand for?
Automated External Defibrillator
What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
Respiratory failure
What does the acronym PQRST stand for when assessing chest pain?
Provocation: What makes the pain worse or better?
Quality: What does the pain feel like?
Radiation: Where is the pain located, does it spread?
Severity: How intense is the pain? (1-10)
Timing: When did the pain start, how long does it last?
What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for a single rescuer on an adult?
30 compressions to 2 breaths
What are two contraindications for giving Nitroglycerin in the field?
Recent ED drug use or low blood pressure
What piece of equipment is used to open an airway in an unconscious patient?
OPA or NPA
What lifestyle factor most increases the risk of heart disease?
Smoking
What rhythm is most commonly associated with sudden cardiac arrest?
Ventricular Fibrillation
What should you do immediately after delivering a shock with an AED?
Resume chest compressions immediately
What is one of the earliest meds given in suspected cardiac arrest scenarios by ALS?
Epinephrine
What is the maximum flow rate (in L/min) for a nasal cannula?
6 L/min
What happened to Damar Hamlin of the Buffalo Bills?
Commotio Cordis- cardiac arrest after chest trauma
What side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?
The right side
Why should you allow full chest recoil during compressions?
To allow the heart to refill with blood
Why should you avoid giving aspirin to someone with a history of GI bleeding?
Risk of increased bleeding
What does a capnography device measure?
End-tidal C02
How long does it usually take for brain damage to begin without oxygen?
4-5 minutes
What's the medical term for a heart attack?
Myocardial Infraction (MI)
How can you tell if you're delivering adequate ventilation during CPR?
Visible chest rise and fall
What's a common side effect of nitroglycerin?
Headache or hypotension
What's the most common type of artifact seen on a EKG's in the field?
Motion artifact
Where do you check a pulse on an infant?
Brachial Pulse