EKG Tid Bits
Atrial depolarization is represented by which wave?
P wave
pg 982
What percent of the atrium is filled by the atrial kick?
20-30%
p.971
A series of cardiac conditions that are caused by an abrupt reduction in blood flow through coronary arteries is called what?
ACS
Acute coronary syndrome
p.964
What is considered the low-pressure system in cardiac circulation?
The right side of the heart is also called the pulmonary circulation
p.963
In phase 0 what ion moves into the ICF and what is the raise in mV to reach TMP from the movement of the ion?
What is Na+ and 20mV (-90mV to -70mV)
p.969
The QRS complex represents what action?
Ventricular depolarization
pg 983
What do hypo/hyperkalemia cause?
hypokalemia- increased myocardial irritability
hyperkalemia- decreased automaticity/conduction
p.970
You are assessing a patient for radiation of symptoms who is pale and nauseous. They tell you that they have pain that begins in the center of their chest and radiates posterior. What are two possible diagnoses?
Aortic dissection
aortic aneurysm
p.965
EMS treats about 60% of these events out of hospital?
What is cardiac arrest
p.961
What do cells begin to do in phase 1?
What is repolarization? When inward Na+ channels close cells begin to repolarize.
p.969
0.12 to 0.20 seconds represents how many boxes?
3 to 5 boxes
pg 983
Strong pulsations in the epigastric area may be a sign of what?
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
p.967
Unstable angina, non-ST segment elevation MI, and STEMI are types of what?
ACS
p.964
What four important properties do cardiac cells have that help the heart function efficiently?
automaticity
excitability
conductivity
contractility
p.963
What is phase 2 known as?
What is the plateau phase.
p.969
RT & LT ventricle depolarization is represented by which waves?
R & S
pg 983
What are the 5-step method to help recognize dysrhythmia?
Identify P, QRS, T waves
Measure PR interval
Measure QRS duration
Determine regularity
Measure HR
pg 985
You are currently assessing breathing when your patient tells you that they have a productive cough that is pink and frothy. What is your initial diagnosis of this patient?
Pulmonary edema
p.965
What 6 parts comprise the cardiac conduction system?
SA node
AV node
Bundle of his
L and R bundle branches
Purkinje fibers. p.963
In phase 3 what slow channels are closed?
What are Ca2+ channels
Tall, pointed (peaked) T waves may indicated what imbalance?
Hyperkalemia (excessive concentration of potassium in the blood)
pg 985
15Lead EKG requires what?
Standard 12Lead EKG
V4R
V7 & V8
pg 981
slide 11
A sudden onset of difficulty breathing in which the pt suddenly awakens from sleep. This is often associated with LVF.
What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
p.965
The left main coronary artery (LMCA) divides into what two vessels?
Left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (Cx)
p.963
What phases does the absolute refractory period encompass? What analogy did the book discuss to explain absolute and relative refractory periods?
Phase 0 to the middle of phase 3.
p.970