Arrhythmias
The recommended as first-line therapy for symptomatic patients with WPW?
Catheter ablation
During a HF hospitalization, what percent of patients will develop worsening renal function?
15-30%
In severe AS, event-free survival at 2 years is ? % (give a 20% range)
30-50%
Treatment of Dressler syndrome 1-2 weeks post MI
High-dose aspirin
This class of medication used to treat prostate conditions can contribute to orthostatic hypotension. Also this specific beta blocker can cause the same
Alpha-blocker medications
Coreg (with its alpha-blocking properties)
Patient develops syncope in the setting of bifascicular block. EP study reveals a prolonged H-V interval. Current guidelines give a Class I indication for?
Permanent pacing (PPM)
The recommendations for diagnosis and mainstay of treatment for myocarditis (general tx) is?
Dx: Endomyocardial biopsy indicated for diagnosis if it influences management.
Tx: standard HF therapy. Immunosuppression may be of benefit for giant cell myocarditis.
Which quantitative echocardiographic feature most accurately reflects mitral regurgitation (MR) severity?
Regurgitant volume
Mechanism of action of Cangrelor
Cangrelor is a direct acting, high-affinity, reversible inhibitor of P2Y12 receptor
Definition of Resistant hypertension
Resistant hypertension is defined as persistent hypertension despite the use of three antihypertensive agents at or near maximal dose, of different classes including a diuretic if possible.
Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) with a left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphology and inferior axis, suggests that it originates in this part of the heart?
Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT)
RA pressure tracings in constrictive pericarditis show?
The RA pressure may be elevated; the wave forms show steep X and Y descents
This has a Class IIa indication if there is a right-sided thrombus or for a small left-sided prosthetic valve thrombus in the setting of NYHA class I-II symptoms of <14 days onset.
Fibrinolytic therapy
This papillary muscle is most prone to rupture after acute MI, and the reason for this
Posteromedial papillary muscle is more prone to rupture than the anterolateral papillary muscle due to its single blood supply from the posterior descending artery.
For patients with stage 1 HTN and one of these factors, initiation of antihypertensive therapy along with nonpharmacological therapy is recommended. (name 2 factors)
1. Clinical ASCVD
or
2. Estimated 10-year ASCVD risk score ≥10%
Differential diagnosis of VT arising from the RVOT (name at least 2)
1. Idiopathic VT
2. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
RA pressure tracing findings in tamponade?
High RA pressure, normal A waves, X descents, and V waves, but the Y descent is blunted
For those patients with residual valvular disease after Rheumatic MS, the recommended duration is to continue penicillin prophylaxis is for?
For 10 years from the last episode of acute rheumatic fever or until the age of 40.
Estimate of the incidence of LV aneurysm formation following myocardial infarction (give a 10% window)
5-15%
In African Americans with HTN but without heart failure or chronic kidney disease, including those with diabetes mellitus, initial antihypertensive treatment should include (name 2 classes of medications)
A thiazide-type diuretic or calcium channel blocker
The prevalence of a WPW pattern on ECG in the general population is estimated at?
0.13-0.25%
RA pressure tracing findings in tricuspid regurgitation?
A large CV wave during ventricular systole
Transthoracic echo for re-evaluation of asymptomatic AS with normal LV systolic function who have no change in signs or symptoms is performed at what intervals based on aortic velocity? (name 3 intervals and corresponding aortic velocities)
1. Intervals of 6 months to 1 year when aortic velocity is > 4.0 m/sec
2. 1-2 years when aortic velocity is 3.0-3.9 m/sec
3. 3-5 years when aortic velocity is 2.0-2.9 m/sec
Preoperative assessment with RCRI includes the following categories (name all 6 for credit)
1. High risk surgery
2. History of ischemic heart disease
3. History of congestive heart failure
4. History of cerebrovascular disease
5. Preoperative treatment with insulin
6. Preoperative Cr>2.0
First-line therapy for patients with FMD-related renal artery stenosis includes this class of medication, and this specific subgroup
Antihypertensive medical therapy, typically requiring multiple agents that include an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker.