Let it Flow, Let it Flow
This is the first line of defense for hypertension.
What are diuretics?
The hematologic system includes these components.
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Name the three types of antianginals.
What are nitrates, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers?
A cardiac glycoside medication which increases myocardial contractility improving cardiac, peripheral, and kidney perfusion by increasing cardiac output.
What is digoxin (Lanoxin)?
The medication rosuvastatin is prototype for Antihyperlipidemic medications. Statin medications have many adverse reactions. Name two.
What are rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, hyperglycemia, elevated hepatic enzymes, renal failure, hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
This drug class is the first line treatment for hypertension.
Diuretics
Anti-dysrhythmics are grouped into four groups. Name two of the four groups.
Calcium Channel Blockers, Beta-Adrenergic Blockers, Sodium Channel Blockers, and Drugs that Prolong Repolarization
This is the loss of heart muscle tone leading to lower cardiac output.
What is heart failure?
These medications trigger the excretion of water and electrolytes from the kidney.
What are thiazide and thiazide-like, loop, potassium sparing, and osmotic diuretics.
There are various forms of anemia. A client with pernicious anemia is lacking intrinsic factor. This is treated with these medications.
Cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin (B12)
Nitroglycerin is the prototype drug for antianginals. This is the most common side effect of this drug.
What is a headache or syncope?
A patient can become toxic when taking digoxin. This is the antidote for digoxin.
What is Digoxin-immune Fab.
Laboratory values for serum cholesterol levels are important. The tests include total cholesterol (< 200mg/dL), triglyceride (< 150 mg/dL), LDL (< 100 mg/dL), and HDL (<60 mg/dL). How many hours should your patient fast before these levels are drawn?
What is between 12 and 14 hours?
More than 90% of people with hypertension have this type.
What is essential hypertension?
Atenolol and metoprolol are beta-adrenergic blockers. Name an adverse reaction to these medications.
Life threatening include Agranulocytosis, dyspnea, thrombocytopenia, bronchospasm (high doses)
When the heart beats more than 100 times a minute.
What is tachycardia?
Understanding what type of diuretic is prescribed is important for patient education. What electrolytes can be affected by diuretics?
Sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate.
Some people believe anticoagulants "thin their blood" when in actuality, anticoagulants do this.
What is reduce the ability of blood to clot?
This is the onset, peak and duration of SL nitroglycerin.
What is onset 1-3 min, peak 5 min, duration 30 - 60 minutes?
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors is a positive inotropic group of drugs. Name a high-alert medication that could cause significant harm to your patient if given inappropriately.
What is milrinone?
Statins are this classification of medications.
What are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
There are six categories of antihypertensives. Besides diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs, these are the other three.
Antidysrhythmic medications have many serious complications. Name two nursing diagnoses related to these medications.
Anxiety related to irregular heartbeat
Risk for Activity Intolerance
When the vascular resistance increases causing the pressure in the veins to rise.
What is hypertension?
This is a priority nursing intervention when administering furosemide.
Heparin prevents the formation of clots by inhibiting the formation of what two compounds.
What are thrombin and fibrin?
Sildenafil is a PDE-5 medication originally developed for pulmonary hypertension. Name the more popular reason for it to be prescribed.
What is erectile dysfunction?
Your patient has fluctuating digoxin levels on multiple visits. You ask if she is taking any herbal or over the counter medications. Name three herbal medications which increase serum digoxin levels, maybe causing digitalis toxicity.
Licorice, Hawthorn, Aloe, and Ma-huang (ephedra)
This is a medication that can act as an antiplatelet along with causing vasodilation. It is the prototypical drug for improvement of peripheral blood flow.
What is cilostazol?
What are ACE inhibitors?
Name a calcium channel blocker that may cause peripheral edema.
What is Verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine, and amlodipine?
This is the reason antianginals reduce chest pain.
What are loop diurectics?
Coumadin (warfarin) is an anticoagulant. If serum levels are elevated an antidote needs to be given. Additionally, heparin can also lead to elevated serum levels. Name the antidotes for each of these medications.
What is vitamin K for coumadin and protamine sulfate for heparin?
Name the third choice of physicians when nitrates and Beta-adrenergic blockers do not work.
What are calcium channel blockers?
Digitalis medications have three effects on heart muscle. These effects can increase stroke volume, decrease heart rate, and decreases conduction of heart cells. These effects are also known as this.
What is inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic?
Besides statins, these drugs categories are used to lower serum lipid levels.
Bile-acid sequestrants (cholestyramine), fibrates or fibric acid (Gemfibrozil), nicotinic acid - Niacin (vitamin B3), cholesterol absorption inhibitors (Ezetimibe).
Metoprolol is the prototype drug for Beta-Adrenergic blockers. Adverse reactions could include these.
What is bradycardia hypotension, stroke, thrombocytopenia, diabetes mellitus.
Sodium Channel Blockers stop the ectopic (bad) beats by adjusting the electrical impulses. There are three classes of these medications. What would be a priority nursing intervention when using these medications intravenously?
What is monitor ECG continuously, BP, and respiratory status.
These are the three types of angina.
What is classic or stable, preinfarction or unstable, and variant or prinzmetal or vasospastic?