Renal Physiology
Thrombus, Anemia & More
BP, Cholesterol & Disorders
CHF treatments
Diuretics
100
This Hormone stimulates red bone marrow to make RBCs
What is Erythropoietin
100
This type of Anemia is due to inability to produce intrinsic factor. This form of anemia could require injections for life...
What is Pernicious anemia (Vitamin B12/Cyanocobalamin)
100
This is the deterioration of arteries with loss of elasticity that is often a consequence of aging or hypertension. It is also a contributing factor to aneurysm or stroke
What is Arteriosclerosis
100
Methyldopa (Aldomet®), Clonidine (Catapres®), Guanfacine (Tenex®), and Guanabenz (Wytensin®) are medications that Stimulate central alpha2 receptors. They can cause impotence, postural hypotension and dry mouth and are part of this category of CHF agents
What are Centrally Acting Sympathetic Agents (a.k.a alpha-adrenergic agonists)
100
This Specific Drug (diurectic) does not penetrate cell membranes and must be given IV
What is Mannitol (Osmitrol®)
200
Glomerular Filtration: Process of urine formation begins in the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule; Capillary membrane walls are sieve like and permit free flow of water and soluble materials through them;Pressure in the blood in the glomerulus is THIS as in other capillaries
What is 3 to 4 times as high (3-4 X higher)
200
This type of Diagnostic Blood Test's purpose is to determine the red blood cell mass by measuring the space occupied by packed red blood cells; Important in determination of anemia or polycythemia; Measured as a percentage of red cells in a volume of plasma
What is a Hematocrit (HCT) test
200
Mechanism of Action: Non-absorbable anion-exchange resin; Bile salts are required for the emulsification of the lipids; Bind to bile acids in the intestines, preventing their absorption and producing insoluble complex that is excreted; [Cholestryramine (Questran®) is an example]
What are Bile Acid Sequestrants
200
Though you may like this in your Powerade and Gatorade, these 2 items are the main cause of excess blood volume and edema which contribute to congestion, circulatory disturbances, & heart failure
What are Sodium and Water retention (Na & H2O)
200
Chlorthalidone (Hygroton®) and Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril®, Esidrix ®) are the part of this Most commonly used diuretics class
What are Thiazides
300
The Basic functional unit of the kidneys
What is Nephron
300
Streptokinase (SK) (Streptase®) was the 1st released of this class (prototype) Indications: Lysis of pulmonary embolism or coronary artery thrombosis during an acute MI. Needs to be given within 1-6 hours of event.
What are Thrombolytics / Fibrinolytics
300
Mechanism of Action – inhibit the enzyme that catalyzes the rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. All effectively reduce total cholesterol and LDL. Maximum effect requires up to 6 weeks of therapy: Liver function tests should be monitored on regular basis (Newest class of hyperlipidemic agents)
What are Statin Drugs (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)
300
This medication is indicated in severe hypertension cases that are unresponsive to traditional agents (HTN associated with chronic renal failure). Also, Sy Sperling may want to sell you an OTC kind.
What is Minoxidil (Loniten®)
300
Some of the Adverse effects of this class are Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia, Increases in LDL and triglycerides with decrease in HDL, and Postural hypotension
What is Loop Diuretics (Organic Diuretics)
400
This Enzyme helps regulate BP (and is part of the RAA system)
What is Renin
400
This drug interferes with liver synthesis of the vitamin K dependent clotting factors. It also does not affect established clots, but does prevent further extension of formed clots. Indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. Also used for prophylaxis of thromboembolism associated with atrial fibrillation or myocardial infarction.
What is Warfarin (Coumadin®)
400
These carry blood from arterioles to venules; are only one cell thick; actually just extension of linings of arteries and veins; and are the level at which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. (They enlarge into venules, veins, then into pulmonary vein, which carries oxygenated blood to the left atrium)
What are Capillaries
400
This specific drug is believed to be by direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, particularly arterioles, with little effect on veins. This results in a reduction of peripheral vascular resistance; Renal blood flow is increased as well as maintaining cerebral blood flow...
What is Hydralazine (Apresoline®)
400
This drug blocks aldosterone receptors located in these DST and it also Produces diuresis by inhibiting potassium secretion in the distal convoluted tubules
What is Spironolactone
500
Some substances are actively moved from blood into the nephron; Of special importance is the secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions (Tubular...)
What is Tubular Secretion
500
This Antiplatelet drug appears to have the same MOA as ASA. Acetylsalicylic Acid's MOA is to inhibit cycloxygenase, [an enzyme necessary for Thomboxane A2 synthesis]. (Thomboxane A2 promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction)  
What is Dipyridamole (Persantine®)
500
This is known as an Abnormal accumulation of lipids and other materials in the walls of arteries, that narrow the lumen of the vessel and may stimulate abnormal clot formation
What is Atherosclerosis
500
Drugs that primarily dilate the veins mainly decrease venous return of blood back to the heart. This is referred to as...
What is “decreasing the preload”
500
Spironolactone and triamterene may cause gynecomastia and they are in this class of diuretics
What are Potassium Sparing Diuretics
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