Need to Know
DRUGS and EKG
Vessels and Valves
Pathologies
other
100
What is the equation for CO?
CO= HR x SV
100
What class of drug is metropolol and how does that affect the heart?
It is a beta blocker and decreased the oxygen demand of the myocardium by preventing and increase in HR
100
Where would you place your stethoscope to auscultate the mitral valve?
5th left intercostal space at midclavicular line
100
Which MI is worse
Transmural or Subendocardial
Transmural
100
What is the pacemaker of the heart and what is the rate range it is responsible for?
SA node
60-100
200
Equation for MVO2 (or RPP)
MVO2 = HR x SBP
200
NAME THAT EKG!! (its not normal)
1st degree
200
S1 = ?
S2 = ?
S1= Lub tricuspid and bicuspid close
S2= Dub aortic and pulmonic valves close
200
How does RAA system affect the body?
Increases BP
may contribute to HTN
200
Where does a SWAN GANZ catheter assess pressure?
What pathology is this assessing?
Pulmonary arteries
LHF
300
What is the equation for SV?
SV = end diastolic pressure - end systolic pressure
300
Name 3 meds that decrease preload
diuretics
ACE inhibitors
beta blockers
if it decreases BP it decreases preload
300
What areas of the heart does the LAD supply?
MOST of the LV
up to 54% of the L and R ventricular mass
300
What lung sound would you hear with emphysema?
diminished
300
What should you do if you patient's ABI is low and this new?
Refer to a doctor
400
What is normal EF
55-65%
400
NAME THAT EKG
SVT
400
What areas of the heart does the RCA supply?
What might you see on EKG after an MI from an occluded LAD?
SA node 60% of the time
AV node 90% of the time* (heart block)
Majority of the RV mass
Inferior and Posterior Walls
400
What is the difference for diastolic and systolic HF?
diastolic - stiff heart that cannot fill
systolic - thin heart that cannot eject
400
What should you assess before recommending a patient take nitro?
take their BP while laying down
500
What percentage of blood is atrial kick responsible for pushing into the ventricles?
15-35%
500
What is the effect of calcium channel blockers?
Decrease inotropy
- block calcium which decreases cardiac contractility
500
Whats the difference between S3 and S4 murmurs?
S3 = systolic murmur
S4 = Diastolic murmur
500
What S&S would be noted for decompensated CHF?
(2)
fast weight gain
SOB due to flash pulmonary edema
500
How do you calculate desired target heart rate?
Calculate Max HR (220-age)
Max HR - resting HR = Target HR
THR = [(MHR - RHR) x %Intensity] + RHR