NAME THE FOUR CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
LEFT ATRIUM, RIGHT ATRIUM, LEFT VENTRICLE, AND RIGHT VENTRICLE
One of the primary hallmark symptoms of congestive heart failure is what?
Fatigue/ decreased activity or exercise tolerance
IF A PATIENT'S HEART RHYTHM NEEDED TO BE MONITORED DURING A THERAPY SESSION WHAT WOULD BE THE APPROPRIATE METHOD/DEVICE?
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG/EKG)
How low can a patient's oxygen saturation go diagnosed with COPD during a therapy session (unless something different indicated by the MD)?
85%
If a patient is prescribed an anticoagulant medication such as Heparin, what would be the indication of this drug therapy?
Inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus from forming. Also prescribed due to atrial fibrillation and s/p heart surgery.
THE VOLUME OF BLOOD EJECTED FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE IS CALLED WHAT?
STROKE VOLUME
Which pathology will the patient have lung hyperinflation and an increase in the thoracic index?
COPD- emphysema, asthma...
If a patient comes into physical therapy with chest pain and rates the pain a 3 on the Angina Scale, would the patient be cleared to participate in therapy?
No, with levels 3 and 4, the patient should not be treated or participate in therapy. They should send the patient to the ER or back to their doctor
The INR ratio, partial thromboplastin (PTT), and prothrombin time (PT) lab tests are to assess what?
blood clotting tests (time it takes for a patient's blood to clot)
If a doctor places a patient on restricted activity and recommends only doing activities under 4 METS, than what would be one activity the patient could participate in?
Walking at 3-4 mph or slower, light gardening, driving, bathing, toileting, working at a computer, sweeping, slow dancing, (any light to moderate activity)
THE DIAGPHRAGM DESCENDS DURING WHICH PART OF BREATHING?
INSPIRATION (INHALATION)
Pleural effusion and pneumonia are in which category of lung diseases, restricted or obstructive?
Restricted
An ABI of .61 would indicate what?
Moderate blockage- PAD
A lab test that assesses bicarbonate and partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood is known as what?
ABG'S (arterial blood gases)
What is the recommended RPE level for a mild to moderately deconditioned patient who is beginning an exercise program?
10-12 RPE
WHAT IS THE OPTIMAL VENTILATION: PERFUSION RATIO (V:Q) SEEN IN A HEALTHY ADULT WHEN UPRIGHT?
1 (1:1 SEEN IN THE MIDDLE LUNG ZONES) IS THE OPTIMAL GAS EXCHANGE
A patient is experiencing chest pain, SOB, and diaphoresis. What do these signs and symptoms most correspond to?
Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
A patient reports a 15 on the Borg RPE scale, which is the equivalent to what type of workload/exertion?
Hard/ heavy
An increase in the PaCO2 levels will cause the ph of the blood to fall, making the blood more what?
Acidic; caused from inadequate ventilation or hypoventilation (decreases the partial pressure of oxygen) This can lead to respiratory failure
For postural drainage, if the patient is prone on a level surface with a pillow under the abdominal area, what area of the lungs would be targeted during the intervention?
Superior segments of the lower lobes
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION RATE AT REST IS WHAT?
3.5 ML/KG/MIN
A cardiac patient is taking a calcium channel blocker medication. Why is this drug indicated? Name two pathologies or cardiac issues.
HTN, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, CHF
During a pulmonary function test, the patient was asked to take as deep as a breath as possible, then exhale out all the air forcefully. What lung volume/capacity is this called?
Forced vital capacity (FVC)
A patient is in the cardiac lab getting ready to participate in a cardiac rehab exercise program. If the patient's resting systolic BP is greater than 200 mm hg, would the patient be able to proceed with the exercise program according to the AHA?
No, this is a guideline for not starting an exercise session. BP is too high.
A patient begins experiencing cyanosis, increased dyspnea, and mild confusion. What should be the immediate response of the PTA?
Stop activity, have patient sit with forward trunk lean or standing professorial position. Check SpO2 with pulse oximeter to assess oxygen saturation. Apply oxygen therapy if prescribed. Have patient perform PLB