Cardiovascular Anatomy
This component of the blood consists mainly of water
What is plasma?
These "air like sacs" are the site of gas exchange in the lungs
What are the alveoli?
This reflex is responsible for blood pressure homeostasis at rest
What is the baroreflex?
These receptors detect changes in blood gas concentrations as well as pH
What are the chemoreceptors?
The effect of aerobic training on resting heart rate
What is lower?
These arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart itself
What are the coronary arteries?
These principal muscles during inspiration elevate the rib cage up and out
What are the external intercostals?
This response is a feed forward, anticipatory response that activates the autonomic nervous system
What is central command?
This law describes the inverse relationship between volume and pressure at constant temperature
What is Boyle's Law?
A condition in which the body has more volume of a liquid such as plasma
What is hypervolemia?
These sensory nerves detect changes in blood pressure
What are the baroreceptors?
During quiet (rest) breathing, exhalation is facilitated by this
What is passive recoil?
This describes the afferent feedback from metaboreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the active skeletal muscle
What is the exercise pressor response/reflex?
Oxygen is primarily transported on this structure in red blood cells in circulation
What is hemoglobin?
This type of hypertrophy in the heart is associated with an increase in sarcomeres in series
What is eccentric hypertrophy?
These specialized junctional complexes connect cardiomyocytes and are crucial for synchronized heart contraction
What are intercalated discs?
These muscles pull the rib cage down and in during forced (exercise) breathing
What are the internal intercostals?
This refers to the blunted vasoconstrictor response in the active skeletal muscle
What is functional sympatholysis?
The effect that describes the oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifting to the right
What is the Bohr effect?
The equation that determines maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max)
What is the Fick Equation?
This is the primary nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system
What is the vagus nerve?
This motor nerve innervates the diaphragm
What is the phrenic nerve?
This mechanism describes the volume loading effect of increased venous return on heart contractility
What is Frank Starling Mechanism?
The change in arterial and venous oxygen content due to skeletal muscle extraction
What is the arterial venous oxygen difference (AVO2)?
The limiting factor in endurance performance
What is cardiac output?