Bad Blood
Exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues takes place here
Capillaries
The cardiac and respiratory centers are located in which part of the brain
Medulla Oblongata
Blood pressure is influenced by these 4 factors
In order for inhalation to occur, what muscle must contract?
Diaphragm
While performing reverse lunges in the gym, heart rate will _____ as a result of increased input from the _______ nervous system
increase; sympathetic
When the ventriculi contract (systole), the ____ valves open and the ____ valves close
semilunar (SL); atrioventricular (AV)
Issues with atrial contraction may result in changes to this wave on ECG
P-wave
Hardening of the blood vessels and subsequent loss of elasticity, potentially resulting in chronic hypertension and other cardiovascular health issues, is known as
The role of the epiglottis is to protect the _____ when food passes into the esophagus
trachea/respiratory tract
T or F: cardiac output during exercise increases because the SNS increases both heart rate and heart contractility
True
Pulmonary arteries carry _____ blood from the _____ to the _____
deoxygenated; right ventricle; lungs
The correct sequence of an impulse through the cardiac conduction system is:
SA node-->AV node--> AV bundle--> Bundle branches--> Purkinje fibers
Vasoconstriction of arterioles will result in _____ peripheral resistance, and therefore _____ blood pressure
increased; increased
During forceful exhalation, this respiratory group sends signals to these muscles
Ventral; abdominal muscles
During periods of physical activity, the majority of carbon dioxide will return to the lungs as this ion
Bicarbonate
The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each cardiac cycle (beat) is known as
Small
T or F: According to Starling's Law, the greater the amount of blood in the heart, the greater the stretch there will be on myocardial fibers, resulting in a more forceful contraction of the ventricles
True
T or F: Gas exchange in the lungs will occur until blood PO2 = 40 mmHg
False; blood enters the lungs at 40mmHg, and will leave the lungs oxygenated to match atmospheric pressure
With consistent cardiovascular exercise along ACSM guidelines, many adaptations will occur in the cardiovascular system. Name 2
•Increased size and mass of heart
•Increased vascularity – increased capillarization and increased lumen diameter
•Increased artery distensibility (collagen)
•Increased blood volume (8-10% within first week)
•Plasma initially
•RBCs and Hemoglobin later
•Increased stroke volume
•Decreased resting heart rate
•No change is resting cardiac output
Increased max VO2
Which requirements need to be met for the breakdown of oxyhemoglobin?
increased temperature (heat), increased acidity (H+), increased CO2
T or F: the cardiac center only controls responses in the heart
False; the cardiac center is responsible for the heart and blood vessels (vasodilation/constriction)
Residual volume
What parameters must exercise sessions meet in order to create meaningful cardiovascular adaptations?