signs and symptoms
exertional chest pain relieved at rest or with nitroglycerin
what is stable angina?
myocardial infarction, valve dysfunction and arrhythmias are all potential etiologies for this type of shock
cardiogenic shock
an elevated troponin may be suggestive of what?
Myocardial Infarction
what lab test/value differentiates between a NSTEMI and unstable angina?
An elevated troponin differentiates between the two, suggesting NSTEMI/STEMI
3 drugs that a patient with stable angina should be discharged with
sublingual nitroglycerine, aspirin, beta blocker
Orthopnea, pedal edema and cough may be suggestive of this
congestive heart failure
may be caused by vascular endothelial damage, stasis and hypercoagualbility
Deep vein thrombosis
preferred imaging in stable patient that is suspected to have an aortic dissection
CTA
name at least 3 Common differential diagnoses for acute coronary syndrome
pericarditis, pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection, pneumothorax
medication of choice in treating supraventricular tachycardia
6mg adenosine IV/IO
tachycardia, hypotension, JVD, diminished heart sounds
pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade
inadequate tissue perfusion of heart muscle due to increased demand of oxygen and decreased coronary blood supply is the pathophysiology behind this disease
Angina Pectoris
Echocardiogram showing small aortic orifice and LVH is suggestive of what valvular disease
aortic stenosis
name at least 3 endocrine disease states associated with secondary hypertension
pheochromocytoma, hyperaldosteronism, hyperparathyroidism, cushing disease, hyperthyroidism
initial drug given during resuscitation of patient in asystole
Epinephrine 1 mg IV/IO
characterized by High-pitched/decrescendo diastolic murmur at apex NO OPENING SNAP
what is aortic regurgitation?
coxsackievirus and echovirus are known to cause this disease of the heart
Acute pericarditis
fibrillatory P waves with a ventricular rate greater than 100 BPM on EKG
Atrial Fibrillation with rapid ventricular response
differentiating between aortic stenosis murmur and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmur
HCOM murmur increases with valsava and standing. Aortic stenosis murmur decreases with valsava and standing
Drug class of choice in treating prinzmetal angina/vasospastic angina
non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
systolic blood pressure in upper extremities> lower extremities, weak femoral pulse, pale skin
coarctation of the aorta
rheumatic heart disease is the most common cause of this valvular disease of the heart which may lead to pulmonary congestion and pulmonary hypertension
mitral stenosis
an ST elevation in EKG leads II, III and avF suggests what?
Inferior wall myocardial infarction
name the 4 cyanotic congenital heart diseases
tetralogy of fallot, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, transposition of great vessels, pulmonary atresia
drugs that can be used to treat PVCs
non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and beta blockers