Valve Disorders
in this disorder... one or both flaps bulge backward into the left atrium during systole. It begins in the middle of systole and becomes more intense until the end of systole
Mitral valve prolapse
Why would you need to perform an echocardiogram on a patient with pericarditis?
The echo will show if there is pericardial effusion.
The first line drug for heart failure?
ACE Inhibitors
What is preload and afterload?
Preload is the volume of blood coming into the ventricles, afterload is the resistance to circulated through the body.
atherosclerosis is the clogging of arteries due to fatty deposits, as thickening or hardening of the artery walls is...
arteriosclerosis
this disorder... results from thickening of the mitral valve flaps and shortening of the chordae tendineae, causing narrowing of the mitral valve opening.
Mitral Stenosis
What 2 diagnostic tests would you request for infective endocarditis (IE)?
Blood cultures, echocardiogram
A class of drugs that work by slowing heart rate and in turn lowering blood pressure?
Beta Blockers
Common locations for angina pain.
Chest, upper back, jaw, arms.
liver/spleen enlargement and cardiogenic shock are complications of...
chronic heart failure
this disorder... is the incomplete closure of the mitral valve leaflets. It allows backflow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction of the left ventricle.
Mitral Regurgitation
What is the #1 test to perform when looking for aneurysms?
CT scan
A patient comes in with blood pressure 147/93, crackles in lung sounds, and history of hypertension what medication class would you most likely request?
Diuretics
Definition of Heart Failure
The inability for the ventricles to pump enough blood for the body's need of oxygen
diet used to help control fluid retention fluid retention in heart failure patients
2 Gram Sodium or low sodium
in this disorder... blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta is obstructed. The opening of the aortic valve may be narrowed from thickening, scarring, calcification, or fusing of the valve's flaps.
Aortic Stenosis
Why would you request an x-ray for pulmonary edema?
Shows the congestion in the pulmonary system
Top drugs to give for a Myocardial Infarction?
Baby aspirin, Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin
Signs and symptoms of Myocardial infarction.
Shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness
the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat, often reduced in systolic heart failure
ejection fraction
in this disorder... the aortic valve cusps may become scarred, thickened, or shortened. The left ventricle's blood volume increases with this backflow of blood.
Aortic Regurgitation
What diagnostic tests would you request for mitral valve prolapse?
Echocardiogram, ECG, cardiac catheterization
Before administering Heparin, what is a priority nursing assessment
Assess for bleeding or head injury
Diagnostics anticipated for a patient with MI
ECG/EKG, Echo, Chest X-Ray
main difference between dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy...
dilation=enlarged ventricular cavity, hypertrophic=thickenings of wall, shortens ventricular cavity