Pump It Up!
Name two common symptoms of left-sided heart failure.
Dyspnea and pulmonary crackles.
Name two common valvular disorders.
Aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation
What is a classic symptom of pericarditis?
Sharp chest pain that improves when sitting up and leaning forward
What ECG change is most indicative of a STEMI?
ST-segment elevation
How many chambers does the human heart have?
Four — two atria and two ventricles
Which medication is a loop diuretic used to reduce fluid overload in heart failure?
Furosemide (Lasix)
What is a common cause of aortic regurgitation?
Rheumatic heart disease or infective endocarditis
What serious complication can result from untreated myocarditis?
Dilated cardiomyopathy or sudden cardiac death
Name two modifiable risk factors for ACS.
Smoking and hypertension
What chamber receives oxygen-poor blood from the body?
Right atrium
What blood test is commonly elevated in heart failure and used to assess severity?
BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide)
Where would you place your stethoscope if listening for a murmur in a patient with mitral stenosis?
At the apex OR 4th intercostal space left of sternum
What is a hallmark sign of infective endocarditis?
New or changing heart murmur and positive blood cultures.
What medication is given immediately to reduce platelet aggregation in ACS?
Aspirin
Which valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium?
Mitral valve
What are two key nursing interventions for a patient with acute decompensated heart failure?
Monitor respiratory status
Administer prescribed diuretics
Monitor Ins and Outs Accurately
What is the definitive treatment for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis?
Aortic valve replacement
What lab test is used to monitor inflammation in pericarditis?
C-reactive protein (CRP) or ESR.
What is the first diagnostic test for suspected ACS?
12-lead ECG
What is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart starting from the vena cava?
Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta
What symptom is most associated with right-sided heart failure?
Peripheral edema
What complication can result from untreated mitral regurgitation?
Left-sided heart failure or atrial fibrillation.
Your patient was diagnosed with pericarditis. What would you expect to see on their 12 Lead ECG?
Global concave ST segment elevation
PR segment depression
notched ST segments
What life-threatening complication can occur after a myocardial infarction?
Cardiogenic shock or ventricular arrhythmias.
What arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself?
Coronary arteries