Atrial Fibrillation
These are 3 common causes of atrial fibrillation
What is age/genes, structural disease, SSS, HTN, COPD, PE, Sleep apnea, Hyperthyroid, Post surgical complications, ETOH/Drugs, electrolyte imbalance
This is the normal PR Interval
This is the proper way to administer sublingual nitroglycerin
What is have the patient lay down, place under tongue, reassess pain, monitor vital signs
These are 4 causes of chest pain
What is: htn, arrhythmia, occlusion, vasospasm, PE, pulm disease, pneumonia, edema, muscle wall trauma, surgical incision, anxiety
This is the RRT criteria for blood pressure parameters
What is SBP <90 or >200
These are priority nursing interventions for a patient in NEW atrial fibrillation in the hospital setting
What is assessment, RRT, calling the provider, EKG
Longer, longer, longer drop
What is 'then you have a wenckebach'
This is why anticoagulation is so important for patients in atrial fibrillation
What is it prevents the production of blood clots that lead to DVT, stroke, cardiac arrest.
Your patient is complaining of chest pain 4/10. This is your priority.
What is relieve the chest pain
This is the difference between hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency
1. hypertensive emergency: immediate lowering of blood pressure is mandatory to prevent further progression of target end organ damage.
2. Hypertensive urgency: blood pressure should be lowered within 24-48hrs to avoid organ damage
These are 2 of the main goals of treatment for a patient in atrial fibrillation
This rhythm is irregular and has no P waves
What is atrial fibrillation
When administering this medication, it is important to monitor potassium levels
What is furosemide
This lab value is elevated in someone who is having a NSTEMI
What is troponin
To be considered hypertensive crisis, the blood pressure must be greater than or equal to this number
What is >180/120
These are 3 treatment options available for a patient in atrial fibrillation (besides medications)
What is cardioversion, ablation, pacemaker, Watchman
This rhythm looks normal but does not generate a pulse
What is PEA
This is how beta blockers work on the heart to manage heart failure
What is they reverse the neurohormonal effects of the sympathetic nervous system-the fight or flight symptoms of increased heart rate and increased blood pressure. Therefore they reduce the workload on the heart.
This is a non invasive test that can be done to evaluate a patient that has chest pain
What is stress test
These are 3 CNS symptoms of hypertension
These are things that happen to the heart during atrial fibrillation
What is the SA node is not functioning correctly, the atria quiver, there is a loss of effective contraction (atrial kick)-cardiac output decreases, blood pools in the atria leading to clot formation
These are symptoms of a patient in 3rd degree heart block
What is dizziness, fatigue, confusion
These are 4 classes of medications used to treat hypertensive emergency
What is:
Angiotensin receptor blockers: valsartan
Thiazide diuretics: HCTZ, metolazone
Calcium channel blockers: amlodipine, nifedipine
Beta Blockers: Atenolol, metoprolol
These are 6 things that should be assessed when a patient complains of chest pain
What is onset and duration, character, location, severity, associated symptoms, treatment
Hypertensive emergencies can cause renal issues like:
What are increasing creatinine, decreased urine output, hematuria