Cardiovascular Anatomy
What organ pumps blood throughout the body?
The Heart
What is the term for adequate blood flow to the body's tissues?
Perfusion
What does ACS stand for?
Acute coronary syndrome
What should you do when you find an unresponsive adult who is not breathing normally? (you are NOT on the squad)
Activate the emergency response system, get an AED and begin CPR
You arrive to find an adult unresponsive but breathing normally, what is your next steps?
Assess the patient, maintain airway, and continue evaluation/monitoring
What blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What component of blood carries oxygen?
Red blood cells/hemoglobin
What is the classic symptom of myocardial ischemia?
Chest discomfort/pressure
What is the compression rate for Adult CPR?
100-120 compressions/minute
You find an unresponsive adult with only occasional gasping. Is this normal breathing?
Bonus 50 points: what is this breathing called?
No
Agonal
What chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation?
Left Ventricle
What type of blood vessel allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste with tissues?
Capillaries
What is myocardial infarction?
Death of heart muscle caused by inadequate blood supply
What is the recommended adult chest compression depth?
2 inches
During CPR, the AED advises a shock. What should you do?
Ensure everyone is clear and deliver the shock as directed by the AED, then resume CPR
What valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
What are three common signs of poor perfusion?
Altered mental status, pale/cool/clammy skin, and weak or absent peripheral pulses
Name 2 possible signs or symptoms of acute coronary syndrome besides chest pain.
What is the standard adult CPR compression-to-ventilation ration for a single rescuer?
30:2
You are performing CPR and another trained rescuer arrives. What should happen?
Coordinate roles and minimize interruptions in chest compressions
What is the heart's natural pacemaker?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
A patient has cool, clammy skin, tachycardia, altered mental status, and a weak pulse. What condition should an EMT be concerned about?
Shock/poor perfusion
A patient has crushing chest pressure, diaphoresis, nausea, and shortness of breath. What life threatening condition should you suspect?
Acute coronary syndrome or MI
When an AED says "analyzing", what should rescuers do?
Stop CPR and make sure nobody is touching the patient
After and AED shock, the patient remains unresponsive and is not breathing normally. What is your next action?
Immediately resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and follow AED prompts