Cardiac Labs
This is the primary lab used for diagnosing an MI because it is cardiac specific.
What is Troponin?
Non-invasive test that can evaluate the size, shape, and motion of the heart and measure ejection fraction.
What is a transthoracic echocardiography?
Used to open up stenotic valves in patients who are too unstable for surgery.
What is balloon valvuloplasty?
Inflammation causes the cusps to stick together which leads to incomplete opening and incomplete emptying of the left atrium.
What is mitral stenosis?
S/S include dizziness, syncope, angina, dyspnea, and fatigue with activity.
What is aortic stenosis?
Name the 3 main cardiac markers.
What are troponin, creatinine kinase (CK, and myoglobin?
This is the graphic recording of the electrical currents of the heart muscle.
What is an electrocardiogram - ECG?
Procedure where the tissue surround a valve is tightened by implanting an artificial ring.
What is annuloplasty?
Stiff, calcified valve can't open properly resulting in hypertrophy of the left ventricle and inability to perfuse myocardium and other organs.
What is aortic stenosis?
S/S include chest pain not correlated with physical exertion, palpitations, fatigue, and some experience anxiety and panic.
What is mitral valve prolapse?
What is the desirable range for cholesterol?
What is less than 200?
Describe the difference between an exercise stress test and a non-exercise stress test.
What is an exercise stress test is performed on a treadmill and a non-exercise stress test requires a medication to increase the heart rate and is not done on a treadmill?
This type of surgery requires life-long anticoagulant therapy after the procedure.
What is mechanical valve replacement?
Valves enlarge, become floppy, and bulge backward into the left atrium. Leading cause of mitral regurgitation.
What is mitral valve prolapse?
S/S include palpitations, increased dyspnea at night, crackles and productive cough of pink, frothy sputum.
What is mitral stenosis?
This test is used to confirm or rule out CHF.
What is BNP - beta-type natriuretic peptide?
Which test is performed to diagnose/evaluate the presence and degree of coronary artery blockage?
What is coronary angiography or cardiac catheterization?
Used for high-risk patient who are too unstable to tolerate open heart surgery for valve replacement.
What is TAVR - transcatheter aortic valve replacement?
Backward flow causes fluid overload in left ventricle leading to blood backing up into left atrium and fluid backing up into pulmonary circulation.
What is aortic regurgitation?
S/S include tachycardia, palpitations, dyspnea and chest pain, and water hammer pulse.
What is aortic regurgitation?
Describe the difference between HDL and LDL.
What is HDL is good cholesterol and should be 60 and above and LDL is bad cholesterol and should be less than 100?
This test is done to diagnose occlusive arterial disease in smaller vessels.
What is peripheral arteriography?
This surgery is performed to separate fused valve leaflets.
What is a commissurotomy?
Valve doesn't close completely resulting in blood flowing backwards into left atrium and left ventricle becoming larger causing poor cardiac output.
What is mitral regurgitation?
S/S include fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, palpitations, hypertension, and tachycardia. May develop pulmonary congestion.
What is mitral regurgitation?