Concepts
What is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of arteries?
What lifestyle factor, characterized by low physical activity, increases the risk of both hypertension and diabetes?
Sedentary lifestyle.
What dietary approach, rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, is recommended for preventing hypertension and diabetes?
DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) or a balanced diet.
What device is used to measure blood pressure at home?
Sphygmomanometer (or blood pressure monitor).
What class of medications, like lisinopril, is commonly used to treat hypertension?
ACE inhibitors.
What condition is characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose levels?
Diabetes mellitus.
What dietary component, when consumed in excess, is a significant risk factor for hypertension?
Sodium (or salt).
What physical activity guideline, in minutes per week, is recommended for cardiovascular health?
At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.
What blood test measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months?
HbA1c (or glycated hemoglobin).
What medication, commonly used for type 2 diabetes, enhances insulin sensitivity?
Metformin.
What system encompasses the heart and blood vessels, responsible for circulating blood throughout the body?
The cardiovascular system.
What genetic predisposition, often linked to family history, can increase the risk of both hypertension and diabetes?
Family history (or genetics).
What lifestyle change, related to tobacco, is crucial for preventing both hypertension and diabetes complications?
Smoking cessation (or quitting smoking).
What is the term for self-monitoring of blood glucose levels using a glucose meter?
Blood glucose monitoring (or self-monitoring blood glucose).
What medication is used to lower cholesterol?
Statins.
What is the term for the process by which plaques build up inside the arteries, leading to narrowing and hardening?
Atherosclerosis.
What abdominal measurement is a risk factor for both diabetes and hypertension?
Increased waist circumference.
What is the recommended change to alcohol consumption to help prevent hypertension?
Moderation or abstinence.
What is the term for the regular monitoring of blood pressure in a clinic setting?
Clinical blood pressure measurement.
What medication is used to reduce blood pressure by removing excess fluids from the body?
Diuretics.
What is the term for the electrical conduction system of the heart, and what can an EKG measure about it?
The cardiac conduction system, an EKG can measure the electrical activity of the heart.
What condition is characterized by resistance to insulin, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?
Insulin resistance.
What weight loss percentage can significantly improve blood pressure and glucose control?
5-10% of body weight.
What is the term for a continuous 24 hour blood pressure measure?
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
What is the term for the administration of insulin via injection or pump for the treatment of diabetes?
Insulin therapy.