Anatomy of the Heart
What are the four chambers of the heart called?
Right and left Atria and Ventricles
What is the relationship between heart rate and cardiac output?
Cardiac output = Heart rate x Stroke volume
What does systolic blood pressure measure?
The pressure in the arteries when the heart beats
Describe how blood is distributed in the body at rest.
More blood flows to vital organs like the brain and kidneys
Define maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max).
The maximum amount of oxygen your body can use during intense exercise
Name the valves that separate the chambers of the hear?
Tricuspid, Mitral (or bicuspid), Pulmonary, Aortic
Define stroke volume?
The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction
Define diastolic blood pressure?
The pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest
What happens to blood distribution during exercise?
Blood is redirected to muscles and away from non-essential organs
Discuss factors that affect variability in VO2 max among individuals.
Genetics, age, fitness level, training
What major blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body?
Aorta
How does heart rate change during exercise compared to at rest?
Increases
Explain how blood pressure is regulated in the body.
Through mechanisms involving the heart, blood vessels, and nervous system
Explain why blood is redistributed during physical activity.
To provide oxygen and nutrients to working muscles
How does VO2 max vary across different demographic groups?
Generally higher in males, younger individuals, and trained athletes
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
Left Atrium
Describe the relationship between cardiac output and exercise intensity.
Cardiac output increases with exercise intensity
What factors can influence blood pressure?
Diet, exercise, stress, genetics, age, etc.
Identify the organs or systems that receive increased blood flow during exercise.
Muscles
Compare the variability of VO2 max between different modes of exercise.
VO2 max may be higher in activities that involve larger muscle groups and aerobic conditioning
Identify the structure that regulates blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral (or bicuspid) valve
Explain how stroke volume is affected by exercise.
Stroke volume increases with exercise
How does blood pressure change during exercise compared to at rest?
Increases
Discuss the role of vasodilation and vasoconstriction in blood distribution during exercise.
Vasodilation increases blood flow to muscles, while vasoconstriction reduces blood flow to non-essential organs
Explain the physiological significance of measuring VO2 max in exercise science.
It indicates cardiovascular fitness and the body's ability to utilize oxygen during exercise