BP Meds
What is the name commonality for ARBs?
-sartan (losartan, olmesartan, candesartan, telmisartan)
Angiotensin II receptor blockers!
What Class III antiarrhythmic medication is used to treat life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias?
amiodarone
Also used for A. fib
Aspirin is used to prevent what possible problems?
Strokes, Myocardial Infarctions, and Reinfarction.
Antiplatelet medication
What drug is used for anemia related to CKD to increase production of RBCs?
epoetin alfa
darbepoetin alfa
What labs should be monitored while a patient is taking an HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor?
Baseline and periodic cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, liver/kidney function.
-statins!
-pine (amlodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine)
verapamil (Aunt Vera)
diltiazem (Uncle Dil)
What are 2 possible complications of beta blockers like propranolol?
hypotension, bradycardia, heart failure, AV block, sinus arrest, fatigue, bronchospasm in clients with asthma, mask the hypoglycemic effect of insulin
What labs should be monitored when giving heparin?
aPTT - should increase!
Platelet count (risk for HIT), hematocrit levels.
Antidote = Protamine Sulfate.
Provide 2 educational topics for a client taking oral ferrous sulfate.
Take on empty stomach but if GI effects occur take with food.
Vitamin C increase absorption, avoid antacids/dairy/caffeine.
Space equally throughout day.
Anticipate harmless dark green, black stools.
Dilute liquid iron with water or juice, drink with straw, and rinse mouth after swallowing. Can stain teeth.
Increase water and fiber, maintain exercise to combat constipation.
Therapy can last 1-2 months to reach desired Hgb level.
Increase iron foods (liver, egg yolks, muscle meats, yeast, grains, green leafy vegs).
Energy level should increase.
List 2 complications of nitroglycerin.
Headache - take ASA or acetaminophen
Orthostatic hypotension - rise slowly
Reflex tachycardia - admin metoprolol or verapamil
Tolerance - should be med free for at least 8 hours
List 3 possible complications of ACE-Is like captopril or lisinopril.
First-dose orthostatic hypotension
Cough
Hyperkalemia
Rash & dysgeusia
Angioedema
Neutropenia
What can reduce verapamil metabolism and cause toxicity?
Grapefruit juice!
What labs should be monitored when giving warfarin?
PT/INR - should increase!
CBC, platelets, Hematocrit.
Antidote = Vitamin K (green leafy vegs)
What drug is used to stimulate bone marrow to increase production of neutrophils?
filgrastim
pegfilgrastim
List 3 manifestations of digoxin toxicity.
fatigue, weakness, headache, drowsiness, N/V/D (not constipation), anorexia, vision changes (blurred/yellow-tinged vision/yellow halo), arrhythmias
Antidote = digoxin immune fab
What medication class is used during a hypertensive crisis?
Vasodilators (nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, nicardipine, enalaprilat, esmolol)
Name the medication used to treat supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) by decreasing the electrical conduction of the heart.
adenosine
Prefilled syringe - do not expel air bubble.
Inject deep subcutaneous - 2 inches from umbilicus.
Rotate sites and pinch up skin, inject at 90 angle.
Do not aspirate.
Do not rub site for 1-2 minute after.
Name a bile-acid sequestrant drug.
colesevelam, colestipol, cholestyramine
Decreases LDL cholesterol!
Stop activity, sit or lie down.
Put 1 tablet under tongue to dissolve and rest for 5 minutes.
If pain is not relieved, call 911, then take 2nd tab.
After 5 min, take 3rd tab.
Do not take more than 3 tablets. Do not crush/chew tabs.
Record attacks.
What medication is used to treat orthostatic hypotension?
Midodrine
What are the 4 main classification groups of antiarrhythmic medication?
SBPC
Sodium channel blockers
Beta blockers
Potassium channel blockers
Calcium channel blockers
What drug will dissolve clots that have already formed?
Thrombolytic Medications!
alteplase (tPA), tenecteplase, reteplase, urokinase
Write an electrolyte level that would increase a patient's risk for digoxin toxicity.
Potassium (K+) < 3.5 mEq/L
May need K+ supplement, avoid diuretics (furosemide)
What supplement may be needed to treat megaloblastic anemia and also prevents neural tube defects?
folic acid