Vocabulary
This is the term used when the valve does not close completely and blood backs up. This causes the area to be insufficient.
What is regurgitation?
The main/ first noticed symptom of a valve disorder is commonly this...
What is a murmur?
FYI: Heard on auscultation of the heart. It sounds like a swoosh instead of lub-dub.
This condition causes blood flow to be obstructed through the aortic valve. The opening is narrowed from thickening, scarring, calcification or fusing. Symptoms include murmur, syncope, angina and orthopnea.
What is aortic stenosis?
This condition occurs in heart with damaged or artificial valves. Patient may have bacteremia and the bug attaches to the damaged/ artificial valve (this is where the platelets and fibrin have congregated). It is very serious as the microbes can break off and cause an emboli. Vegetation moves onto the valves.
The term cardiomyopathy means....
What is enlargement of the heart muscle?
CAD, MI, HTN, cardiomyopathy, valve disorders (regurgitation, prolapse, stenosis) are all.....
What are causes of heart failure?
Another term for pulmonary edema is _______________.
What is acute heart failure?
This illness is made up of four defects. Ventricular septal defect, pulmonary valve stenosis, misplaced aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
What is tetralogy of fallot?
This term is used to describe the narrowing of the valve opening. The valve does not open properly so the opening is smaller that it should be. When this occurs in the heart, the heart works harder to pump blood through that opening than it should.
What is Stenosis?
This valvular disorder is characterized by the malfunction of the mitral valve. It causes blood to back up in the left atrium causing progressive enlargement. Symptoms of this are murmur, mitral regurgitation, dizziness, syncope, fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety, palpitations and chest pain. Complications of this include heart failure. Symptoms become worse with stimulant use.
What is mitral valve prolapse?
Treatment for aortic stenosis includes....
What is valve replacement and What is treat for heart failure without reducing contractility of left ventricle.
This is a rare condition that it characterized by inflammation, muscle destruction and necrosis of the heart muscle. The goal of this is to maintain cardiac function.
What is myocarditis?
This type of cardiomyopathy causes the ventricles to become enlarged. Reduced ability to contract as the tissue is destroyed. Blood flow slows.
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
The _________ side is generally the side to fail first due to its workload.
What is the left?
Pulmonary edema occurs with an acute event that causes stress on the heart. An example of this is ________.
What is MI?
In tetralogy of fallot, the main cause for the symptoms (cyanosis, fainting, SOB, clubbing of fingers and toes, poor weight gain, fatigue, irritability, murmur) are all related to the overall pathophysiology... Which is...
What is poorly oxygenated blood is being circulated throughout the body?
A hole in the wall the separates the ventricles that causes oxygenated blood to mix with deoxygenated blood is....
What is ventricular septal defect?
This condition involves the incomplete closure of the mitral valve. This allows the blood to flow back into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts. This increases the volume in the left atrium and can eventually lead to heart failure.
What is mitral regurgitation?
This condition allows the backflow of blood into the left ventricle from the aorta. Characterized by left ventricle compensation. Symptoms include murmur, chest pain, exertional dyspnea. Eventually you may see left sides heart failure.
What is aortic regurgitation?
Major risk factor in developing infective endocarditis comes from the mouth, How can we prevent infestation of bacteria entering the body and living in the heart?
What is good oral hygiene and What is prophylactic antibiotic treatment?
This type of cardiomyopathy involves enlargement of the septum and left ventricle. The ventricle wall becomes thick and rigid. This decreases the inability to fill correctly. The septum becomes thick and may block blood flow into the aorta.
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Which side? Blood back up from the ______ ventricle to the _______ atrium and into the four pulmonary veins and lungs. This causes pulmonary symptoms.
What is Left?
Characteristic sign of pulmonary edema is........
What is pink, frothy sputum?
Patients with Tetralogy of fallot often experience "Tet spells" as there is a rapid decrease in oxygen levels. Patients may be very cyanotic during these spells. One intervention that is based on instinct is....
What is squatting?
This illness is caused by a strep infection 2-3 weeks prior. It can lead to carditis. Diagnosed by a throat culture. May need prophylactic treatment.
What is rheumatic fever?
This condition is characterized by a narrowing of the mitral valve opening. The mitral valve flaps become thick and the cordae tendineae are shortened. This causes the blood to flow slowly through the smaller opening which puts the patient at risk for emboli to form. Symptoms include murmur and pulmonary symptoms. May lead to heart failure.
What is mitral stenosis?
Aortic valve disorders generally lead to which sided heart failure? What type of symptoms does this present?
What is left sided and What is pulmonary?
This condition is inflammation around the pericardium. Can be caused by infections, rheumatic fever, MI... Symptoms include... Chest pain, dyspnea, fever, cough, pericardial friction rub that correlates with the heart beat, grating pain that increases with deep inspiration/ cough/ moving of the upper body/ or lying flat.
What is pericarditis?
This type of cardiomyopathy has a decreased ability of the ventricles to stretch and fill as the heart muscle is stiff.
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
This type of failure is caused by the other side failing. Blood is backed up into the circulatory system and volume increases. Symptoms include increased edema to lower legs and up ti abdomen.
What is right sided?
Dyspnea, Orthopnea, cyanosis, Diaphoresis, Pink frothy sputum, and crackles in the lungs are all.....
What are symptoms of pulmonary edema?
A BAD sign in pediatrics is...
What is bradycardia?
Term used to describe when a balloon is used to dilate a stenosed heart valve. Done in the cardiac cath lab.
What is a valvuloplasty?
Therapeutic measures: ACE Inhibitor to reduce afterload, Digoxin for a-fib, Anticoagulation, and treatment for heart failure. Which condition?
What is mitral regurgitation?
In this condition, the left ventricle has an increased workload to push the blood into the aorta and throughout the body. Eventually the left ventricle with hypertrophy and be unable to pump effectively. This will lead to heart failure.
What is aortic stenosis?
What is a major complication of pericarditis?? Most serious.
What is cardiac tamponade?
FYI: Infectious fluid builds up around heart, puts pressure on the heart and it can no longer beat properly. This is avoided by completing a pericardiocentesis.
Heart failure, myocardial ischemia, MI d/t decreased CO.....
What are complications of cardiomyopathy?
ACE Inhibitors (Vasodilation), ARBs (Inhibit RAAS), Beta BLockers (SNS), Diuretics, Inotropics (Nitro, Spirinolactone) are all...
What is the medication regimen for heart failure?
Main lab requested to assess severity of heart failure/ pulmonary edema. When the heart works harder, more of this is released. The higher the result, the more severe the case is.
What is BNP?