Cardiovascular Drugs
I am used to decrease blood pressure
What is Antihypertensive
A nurse is teaching a patient who is being discharged on diltiazem, what teaching should the nurse include?
What is to 'monitor heart rate before taking'.
Rationale: diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker that has cardio-suppressant effects at the SA & AV nodes, which can lead to bradycardia.
What is antiplatlets
Which laboratory test result is a common adverse effect of furosemide (Lasix)?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hyperchloremia
D. Hypophosphatemia
What is Hypokalemia
Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic, and the most common adverse effect of loop diuretics is electrolyte imbalances. This results in major electrolyte losses of potassium and sodium and, to a lesser extent, calcium.
A nurse is educating a patient with a discharge order for nitroglycerin TD patches, which stated indicates understanding of teaching?
a. I can apply patch to chest over hair
b. I can use while taking sildenafil for ED
c. I will remove after 14 hours
d. I should apply to same area every day
What is
c. I will remove after 14 hours
rationale: to prevent tolerance of medication
Used to decrease risk of blood clots
What is blood thinner/anticoagulant
Which of the following statements by a patient indicates understanding of taking captopril?
a. I should take with food
b. I should take naproxen if I develop joint pain
c. I should tell my provider if I develop a sore throat
d. I should expect my urine to change colors
What is C
a sore throat could indicate neutropenia which is a severe side effect of captopril
++NSAIDs should be avoided as it can decrease effects of antihypertensives
A patient is being changed from an injectable anticoagulant to an oral anticoagulant. Which anticoagulant does the nurse realize is administered orally?
What is warfarin
A nurse is preparing to administer hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) to a patient, what should the nurse monitor prior to administering?
What is BP
A patient presents to his PCP not feeling well, he tells you he has been taking aspirin daily for the past year. Which of the following findings should alert you to notify the provider immediately?
a. hyperventilation
b. heartburn
c. anorexia
d. swollen ankles
What is a. hyperventilation
rationale: this is a symptom indicating possible salicylate poisoning, which causes respiratory alkalosis in the early stages
Used to help patients who are dealing with edema or fluid overload
What is diuretic
Which intervention should the nurse include in the patient's plan of care when starting metoprolol?
What it to monitor apical pulse
rationale: life-threatening bradycardia is an adverse effect. If the HR is less than 60, hold and notify HCP
A client is receiving warfarin. What would the nurse monitor to determine the effectiveness of therapy?
What is PT/INR
A nurse is starting a patient on a new order for spironolactone, which lab results should the nurse be monitoring?
What is potassium
rationale: the drug is potassium sparing which could cause hyperkalemia
A nurse if reviewing labs on a patient taking digoxin for heart failure. Which of the following lab findings may increase risk of digoxin toxicity?
a. decreased platelet
b. decreased albumin
c. decreased hematocrit
d. decreased potassium
What is d decreased potassium
provider should be notified immediately d/t increased risk of developing digoxin toxicity and cardiac dysrhythmia
Helps vasodilate and decrease BP
What is nitroglycerin or nitrates
What is the only drug in the renin inhibitor class?
What is Aliskiren
A patient who received heparin begins to bleed. The nurse anticipates that the health care provider will order which antidote?
What is Protamine Sulfate
To treat a patient diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism, the nurse would expect to administer which diuretic
A. Furosemide (Lasix)
B. Acetazolamide (Diamox)
C. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
D. Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)
C. Spironolactone (Aldactone) Correct
Spironolactone is the direct antagonist for aldosterone.
What heart rate finding would be an indication to hold the administration of digoxin?
Helps increase the blood pressure for those with low BP, shock or anaphylaxis
What is vasopressor
ACEi/ARBs may be less useful in which patient population?
Why?
African American patients
AA patients do not make as much renin --> The RAAS isn't going to be as active --> Won't have as much of an impact if it's inhibited
The nurse is caring for a client taking warfarin whose PT is 4 x the control. What is the nurse's best action, if ordered by the provider?
What is Vitamin K
To evaluate the therapeutic effects of mannitol (Osmitrol), the nurse should monitor the patient for which clinical finding?
A. Increase in urine osmolality
B. Decrease in serum osmolality
C. Decrease in intracranial pressure t
D. Increase in cerebral blood volume
C. Decrease in intracranial pressure Correct
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that pulls fluid from extravascular spaces into the bloodstream to be excreted in urine. This decreases intracranial pressure and cerebral blood volume, increases excretion of medications, decreases urine osmolality, and increases serum osmolality.
When teaching a patient about symptoms of hypokalemia, the nurse will instruct the patient to notify the health care provider if which symptom occurs?
A. Diaphoresis
B. Constipation
C. Blurred vision
D. Muscle weakness
D. Muscle weakness Correct
Muscle weakness is a common symptom of hypokalemia. The other answers are incorrect.
Which drug class can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia?
Beta-blockers
Patients will still experience sweating if they are hypoglycemic on a beta-blocker
What happens when beta-blockers work on the beta-2 receptor?
Vasoconstriction of the skeletal muscle
Contraction of the airway
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin SQ, which action should he/she take?
administer injection outside the 2in parameter of umbilicus
A nurse is reviewing ECG of a heart failure patient who is receiving IV furosemide. The nurse should identify which of the followings as an indication for hypokalemia?
a. Tall, tented t-wave
b. prolonged QRS
c. presence of U-wave
d. ST elevation
What is this side effect AND which medication(s) can possibly cause it:
Swelling of the eyes/lips/mouth leading to trouble breathing
Angioedema
ACEi / ARBs / Renin inhibitors