Before William Harvey the Galean theory of blood flow started in this organ and ended with this
Blood was thought to be made in the liver then pumped from the heart to the rest of the body where it would evaporate out of the skin
100
Blood pressure can be calculated by multiplying
________ X ___________
Cardiac Output
Total Peripheral Resistance
100
If I want to decrease the flow rate through a hose what should I do to the pressure differential between the start and end.
Make the differential smaller
100
When exercise begins this is the first way that heart rate is extrinsically regulated
Inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system
100
The Fick Equation provides __________ by dividing _________ by A-VO2 difference
cardiac output mL blood/min
oxygen consumption mL O2/min
200
What calculation did William Harvey Perform to "prove" that blood flowed back to the heart?
HR x SV = 7,000 liters of blood per day. Way more than the liver could make in that time period.
200
This is the type of blood pressure =
(2/3)*DBP + (1/3)*SBP
What is Mean Arterial Pressure
200
How is flow able to go up between the capillaries and the veins despite a drop in blood pressure
Becuase diameter increases a lot
200
Anticipatory changes in heart rate are located in this part of "central command"
What is the cortical region of the brain
200
This is the muscle type that will receive some increased blood flow during exercise. It's not the most, it's also not the least.
Type IIa
300
This feature of cardiac muscle allows the transference of action potentials from one cell seamlessly to the next.
Intercalated Disks
300
Why isn't mean arterial pressure calculated as an average between SBP and DBP?
Because the heart spends about 2/3 of time in diastole and 1/3 in systole
300
This is where blood is diverted AWAY from during exercise
What is the splanchnic bed
300
If there were no sympathetic or parasympathetic signals to the heart it would beat at ______bpm due to ________ regulation
100-110
intrinsic
300
It sure is a good thing that _________ of hemoglobin decreases in blood supplying the liver during exercise. Otherwise the reduction in blood flow from 1350 mL/min to 500 mL/min would cause ischemia.
Saturation
400
Two blood vessels of equal length have the radii of 1mm and 4mm.
The 1mm vessel has this many more times resistance than the 4mm vessel
256
(16 x 16)
400
TPR = BP/CO
Describe what happens to each of these variables during exercise
BP - up a little
CO - up a lot
TPR - down a lot
400
These two things can cause pre-capilary sphincters to open during exercise
Increased local blood pressure, increased metabolites
400
When cardiac muscle is not stretched these are the two types of problems that can cause the contraction to be less than adequate
Myosin Crowding
Actin Overlap
400
Mark and Sally are running at the same speed. They have exactly the same size heart and have been doing exactly the same workouts together for the last 5 years.
Mark's HR = 160 and Sally's HR =150.
Why would this happen?
Mark has a lower hemoglobin concentration
500
It's a good thing that the blood flow rate in capillaries is _______ because it allows for optimal ________
SLOW
OXYGEN TRANSFER
500
How many capillaries could fit inside of a human hair?
5 - 10
because capillaries are about 5-10 um and hairs are about 50um
500
This is what might happen to Dr. Johnson if he doesn't cool down after his 10k race because__________
Faint
Blood pooling in legs
500
What is cardiac drift and why does it happen?
Elevation of HR as exercise progresses over an extended period of time
Need to increase HR to maintain CO due to reduced SV from plasma volume loss
500
The human body requires about _________mL of oxygen per minute at rest even though _______mL are carried.
How is this explained by the oxygen dissociation curve?
250
1000
Because we only lose about 25% of the saturation when the pO2 decreases from 100mmHg to 40mmHg