Anatomy & Path of Blood
What blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
How would you diagnose a heart murmur?
Stethoscope
What do we call the collection of cardiomyocytes that serves as the "natural pacemaker cells" of the heart?
SA Node
Which ion is most closely related with depolarization?
Sodium (Na+)
Which side of the heart is responsible for pulmonary ciruclation?
Right
Where does the pulmonary artery take the blood: from the heart to the __________
Lungs to pick up O2
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure
The QRS complex involves 2 landmarks in the cellular electrical system. Name them:
What is voltage?
A difference in charge between 2 places (inside & outside of the cell)
Which 2 chambers of the heart have the highest pressure?
L & R Ventricles
There are four valves inside the heart name them.
Tricuspid, Mitral, Aortic, Pulmonary
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) mainly affects which chamber of the heart?
Left Ventricle
The purpose for the delay in the AV node is...
To make sure atria have fully emptied blood into ventricles before ventricles begin to contract.
What ion is most closely related to diastole?
Potassium (K+)
Capillaries
Which chamber of the heart is the thickest and most muscular?
L Ventricle
Atrial Fibrillation (A Fib) is defined as:
Rapid, uncontrolled contraction of the atria, leading to inefficient pumping of blood in the heart.
Activation of the SA node is most closely related with which wave on an ECG/EKG?
P
What is the typical resting membrane potential for a cardiomyocyte?
-90 mV
What does hemoglobin do?
Bind oxygen in area of high oxygen concentration (lungs), and drops off oxygen when oxygen concentration is low (big toe)
Which structures in the heart are most associated with heart murmur?
Valves
When heart rate must be decreased, which neurotransmitter is responsible for relaying this message to the SA node?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
What event causes the opening of sodium channels leading to atrial systole?
Activation of SA Node
What neurotransmitter is associated with excitatory pathways (increasing the heart rate)?
Norepinephrine (NE)