Heart Basics
What makes up the cardiovascular system?
heart, vessels, blood
The right side of the heart is part of which circuit?
Pulmonary circuit
First four branches off of the aorta
Coronary arteries, brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
Veins from the head
Internal and external jugular veins
What causes pulse?
Bonus (2x points): where can we take pulses clinically?
Heart contraction
Bonus: carotid, radial, brachial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibalis
What is the location of the heart?
Thoracic cavity, mediastinum
What does the phrase "All Pigs Eat Too Much" represent?
aortic semilunar valve, pulmonic semilunar valve, Erb's point, tricuspid valve, mitral valve
Arteries to the head
Common carotids, External carotid arteries, Internal carotid arteries, Subclavian arteries
Veins going to the heart
SVC and IVC
What is the normal heart rate?
Bonus (2x points): what do you call it when a patient's pulse is too fast or too slow?
Between 60-100 bpm
Bonus: too slow is bradycardia, too fast is tachycardia
Layers of the heart from exterior to interior
Layers of the heart from exterior to interiorPericardium, Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
What causes heart sounds?
S1 is AV valves and S2 is semilunar valves
Arteries down the arms
Axillary arteries, brachial arteries, radial arteries, ulnar arteries
Veins from the arms
Subclavian, axillary, cephalic, basilic, median cubital, median antebrachial, brachial, radial, ulnar, brachiocephalic
Components of an EKG
P-wave, QRS complex, S-wave, T-wave, PR interval, QT interval, ST interval
Name the vessels coming to the heart and the vessels leaving the heart
SVC, IVC, Aorta, Brachiocephalic, Left Common Carotid, Left Subclavian
(From the right AND left sides)
Right: right coronary artery, marginal artery, posterior interventricular (RMP)
Left: left coronary artery, anterior interventricular artery, circumflex artery (LAC)
Branches off of the abdominal aorta
Celiac axis, SMA, adrenal, renal, gonadal, IMA, lumbar arteries, common iliac arteries
Veins coming from the diaphragm
portal, splenic, gastric, SMV, IMV, hepatic, adrenal, renal, gonadal, common iliacs
What are Korotkoff sounds and what do they mean?
They are the sounds heard when taking blood pressure. The first sound is systole when the heart contracts, the second sound is diastole when the heart relaxes
Internal and External structures of the heart:
Internal: atria, ventricles, AV valves, semilunar valves, petcinate muscles, chordae tendinae, trabiculae carnae, papillary muscles, interventricular and interarterial septums.
External: apex, pulmonary trunk, auricles, SVC, IVC, pulmonary veins and arteries, ligamentum arteriosum, aorta.
Pathway through the heart starting at the IVC
(include ALL valves)
IVC, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body
Arteries down the legs
Veins coming from the legs
External and internal iliacs, femoral vein, great saphenous, deep femoral, popliteal, anterior and posterior tibial, fibular, lesser saphenous
List the electrical system of the heart from start to finish
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Right and Left Bundle Branches, Purkinje Fibers