Structure of the heart
What are the two circuits in the double loop circulatory system called?
- Pulmonary circuit/loop
- Systemic circuit/loop
Which type of blood vessel carries blood towards the heart?
Veins
(Arteries = Away)
(Veins = towards)
Which prefix (start of a word) relates to lungs?
Pulmo
(hence: pulmonary circuit)
Give a value that you would expect an adult's resting heart rate to be.
any value between 60-80bpm
MUST INCLUDE UNITS: bpm
Name the 2 valves which are found between:
A) The right atrium and right ventricle
B) The left atrium and left ventricle
A) Tri-cuspid valve
B) Bi-cuspid valve
memory hint: "try before you buy"
Other than direction of blood flow, describe two differences between arteries and veins.
Arteries - Higher pressure, smaller lumen, thicker walls.
Veins - Lower pressure, wider lumen, thinner walls, have one-way valves.In your own words, explain what a lumen is.
The inner section of a blood vessel / the hollow space between blood vessel walls.
What symbol (letter) represents cardiac output?
Q
Name feature E on the heart diagram and explain its purpose.
E = septum. The septum separates the right and left sides of the heart.
Name the 4 specific blood vessels that carry blood to and from the heart.
Pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta, vena cava.
Name the largest cardiac artery.
Aorta
SPELLING MUST BE CORRECT.
David was born on 20 February 1999. What is his maximum heart rate?
formula: Maximum HR (bpm) = 220 - age
David is 26 years old.
220 - 25 = 195 bpm
Explain why the left ventricle wall is thicker than the right ventricle wall.
Ventricle walls help push blood out of the ventricles. Blood from the left ventricle has to travel further (systemic circuit/to muscles) than blood from the right ventricle (pulmonary circuit/to lungs).
Describe the process that happens at the capillaries surrounding the lungs.
Oxygen from the lungs diffuses into the capillaries. Carbon dioxide from the capillaries diffuses into the lungs. The blood is now oxygenated and returns to the heart via pulmonary vein.
Define stroke volume.
The volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle during one contraction.
(Measured in millilitres per beat)
What is the relationship between heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume?
(what is the formula?)
Cardiac output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
Q = HR x SV
1) Name the valves located between the ventricles and arteries.
2) Draw one.
3) explain how their shape aids their function.
1) Semi-lunar valves
2) see board
3) Their shape means they open when ventricles contract and close when they relax, to prevent backflow of blood back into the atria.
Name, and describe the role of blood vessel A and blood vessel B on the diagram, with reference to blood pressure.
A = Vena cava. Carries deoxygenated blood back towards the heart at a low pressure.
B = Aorta. Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart (to the muscles) at a high pressure.
Starting in the right atrium, list the next 5 locations in the heart & body that blood flows through.
(tri cuspid valve)
right ventricle
(semi-lunar valve)
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Laura's HR during moderate exercise is 100bpm. Her stroke volume is 50ml. Calculate her cardiac output.
HR: 100bpm. SV: 50ml
Cardiac output = HR x SV
Cardiac output = 100 x 50 = 5000ml
CONVERT TO LITRES (Cardiac output measured in litres):
5000ml / 1000 = 5L