Blood Flow Through the Heart
This large vein carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body into the right atrium.
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What is the superior vena cava?
The heart muscle itself is called this tissue.
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What is the myocardium?
The phase when the heart muscle contracts is called this.
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What is systole?
This structure is known as the natural pacemaker of the heart.
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What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?
The first wave seen on a normal ECG represents this event.
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What is atrial depolarization?
Blood leaves the right ventricle through this valve.
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What is the pulmonary (semilunar) valve?
The right coronary artery commonly supplies this node responsible for initiating heart rhythm.
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What is the SA node?
The first heart sound (S1) occurs due to closure of these valves.
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What are the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid valves)?
This structure delays electrical conduction before the impulse reaches the ventricles.
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What is the AV node?
This ECG wave represents ventricular repolarization.
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What is the T wave?
These vessels return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
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What are the pulmonary veins?
The coronary arteries originate from this major artery.
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What is the aorta?
The coronary arteries receive blood mainly during this phase of the cardiac cycle.
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What is diastole?
After the AV node, the impulse travels through this conducting pathway.
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What is the bundle of His (AV bundle)?
This interval measures the time from the beginning of atrial depolarization to the beginning of ventricular depolarization.
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What is the PR interval?
Immediately before entering the pulmonary veins, blood passes through this structure.
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What are the pulmonary capillaries?
This artery is often called the "widow maker" because blockage can be life-threatening.
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What is the left anterior descending artery (LAD)?
During ventricular diastole, the ventricles primarily do this.
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What is relax and fill with blood?
A patient has complete AV block. Electrical signals from the atria cannot reach this area.
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What are the ventricles?
The flat baseline between waves represents this.
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What is no net electrical activity detected by the ECG?
Name the complete pathway from the right ventricle to the left atrium.
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What is right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium?
The two major coronary arteries are this artery and this artery.
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What are the right coronary artery (RCA) and left coronary artery (LCA)?
This phase begins when the ventricles start contracting and all valves are closed.
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What is isovolumetric contraction?
The SA node normally fires at this approximate rate per minute.
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What is 60–100 beats per minute?
A patient has ST-segment elevation on ECG. This finding is concerning for this condition.
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What is an acute myocardial infarction (STEMI)?