Labs
This lab is used to predict heart attack risk. It is a protein that is released during the acute phase of inflammation to coronary vessels.
What is C-Reactive Protein (CRP)?
This study is completed by injecting dye into the vascular system so that it is visible on x-ray.
What is angiography?
Umbrella Term for chest pain. The heart has an increased workload and vessels are narrowed. This causes chest pain as these vessels are unable to dilate. This causes myocardial ischemia.
What is Angina Pectoris?
This type of PVD is present when there is leg pain with elevation of the leg or calf pain with activity.
What is arterial?
This is the term used to describe pain in calves with activity such as ambulating.
What is intermittent claudication?
This lab is nonspecific but tells us about damage to heart, brain and skeletal muscle cell damage. When these cells are damaged, they release these enzymes. IM injections and IV insertion need to be completed after this lab is drawn as these can produce elevation as well.
What is Creatine Kinase?
This study is done so that providers can visualize the A and P of the heart. This looks for blockages and measures chambers, vessels, arteries, CO and oxygen sat. Patient must lay flat and still for 6 hours after procedure.
What is cardiac catheterization?
This term is chest pain that is predictable to the patient. It occurs with activity and subsides when the patient is at rest/ activity is stopped. Nitro is effective.
What is stable angina?
What are two major complications of PVD that may eventually cause an obstruction of the vessel? Symptoms include the 5 P's.
What is thrombosis and embolism?
The following are lifestyle contributors to this disease...
Obesity
Poor Diet/ Caffeine/ Alcohol/ Salt intake
Smoking
Not sleeping
What is hypertension?
This lab is specific to heart muscle damage. When the heart is diseased or damaged, it releases this isoenzyme.
What is CK-MB?
This is the amount of stretch just before the ventricles contract. The greater the volume, the greater this is and the greater the force in which the heart contracts to empty the ventricles.
What is preload?
This term describes chest pain that does not resolve with rest or nitro. Episodes increase in severity and frequency. These symptoms appear when the artery is 60-70% occluded.
What is unstable angina?
These symptoms are present in the later stages. Intermittent claudication, pale legs when elevated, mottled looking skin, thickened toenails, cool extremities. Which type?
What is peripheral arterial disease?
FYI: Treatment includes vasodilators, change in diet to prevent further atherosclerosis, thrombolytics, and endarterectomy.
This disease is characterized by spasms of the small arteries in the fingers and toes that prevents perfusion of arterial (oxygen rich) blood. It is caused by exposure to cold and stress. Symptoms include coldness of digits, pain in the digits and paleness (white) of the digits.
What is Raynaud's Disease/ Raynaud's Phenomenon?
This lab is done to detect minor myocardial damage. This is a protein released by cardiac cells when they become damaged/ inflamed. It is sensitive indicator of an MI. Elevates within 4 hours of onset of angina.
What is Troponin?
This is the amount of resistance to eject blood from the left ventricle through the aortic valve into the aorta and out to the body.
What is afterload?
This chest pain is caused by coronary artery spasms. These symptoms appear at the same time each day. Occurs at any time... night, exercise, rest. It is also called Prinzmetal's Angina.
What is Vasospastic Angina?
THis type of PVD is present when pain has a slower onset, does not correlate with activity and occurs when leg is dependent.
What is venous?
This term describes the bulging, ballooning of an artery at a weak point in the arterial wall. Treatment includes stent placement at the affected site and keep BP well controlled to prevent further stress on this area.
What is an aneurysm?
This lab is nonspecific. It is a protein that is found in cardiac and skeletal cells but is 99% indicative of MI. Must be done within 18 hours of onset of angina. Begins to elevate within one hour of onset.
What is Myoglobin?
The amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle in one minute. When this is decreased, the patient will be disoriented and report chest pain with activity.
What is cardiac output?
When treating stable angina, the main goal is to increase the amount of oxygen the heart is receiving. By doing this, the chest pain resolves. The medications used to treat stable angina focus on various tasks. What are the medication classes??
What are vasodilators, Calcium channel blockers, Beta Blockers, and ACE Inhibitors?
The most common diagnosis that contributes to peripheral vascular disease is....? This disease also causes many complications with PVD.
What is diabetes?
Symptoms of this disease include recurring inflammation and thrombosis of small and medium arteries in the hands and feet. It may be autoimmune but symptoms are associated with smoking/ smokeless tobacco use.
What is Buerger's Disease?
This lab is frequently done to determine severity of heart failure. You may request this being done for your patient if they have wet lungs, a weight gain (3 pounds overnight or 6 pounds within a week), or increased edema. When the workload of the heart increases, the heart releases this in response.
What is B-Type Natriuretic peptide (BNP)?
This term covers anything that causes the blood vessels to become narrow and increase this term. When this is increased, more force is needed to pump blood and blood pressure increases.
What is peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)?
Chest heaviness, tightness, squeezing, vice-like, crushing chest pain that may radiate down left arm, shoulder/neck/ jaw/ back pain, pale/diaphoretic/ dyspneic, and feeling of impending doom....
What are symptoms of angina?
In PVD, the patient reports severe pain. What is the pathophysiology/ cause of this pain?
What is tissue ischemia/ necrosis?
Symptoms of this are generally vague. Back/ flank pain, pulsating abdominal mass, hypotension, Nausea and shock like symptoms.
What is a AAA?