Heart Anatomy & Structure
Pathway of Blood Through the Heart
Vessels
Cardiac Measurements
EKG
100
The heart is primarily composed of which type of muscle?
Cardiac muscle
100
Blood that flows through the pulmonary veins is:
Oxygen rich
100
In which type of blood vessel does the exchange of oxygen and nutrients with tissues occur?
Capillaries
100
Blood pressure is recorded using these two values: systolic and _____.
diastolic
100
Which of the following best describes what an EKG detects and represents?
A. Mechanical contractions of cardiac muscle tissue in real time
B. Changes in heart chamber volume during each phase of the cardiac cycle
C. Ionic movement across myocardial cell membranes that generates electrical signals
D. Blood pressure fluctuations within the atria and ventricles during systole and diastole
C. Ionic movement across myocardial cell membranes that generates electrical signals
200
The coronary arteries supply blood to the:
Heart muscle
200
This large vein brings deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium.
Superior or inferior vena cava
200
Which type of blood vessel has the thickest walls?
Arteries
200
This is the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per beat.
Stroke volume
200
The QRS complex on an EKG represents:
a) Atrial depolarization
b) Ventricular depolarization
c) Ventricular repolarization
d) Atrial repolarization
b) Ventricular depolarization
300
The valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle is the:
Tricuspid valve
300
After leaving the right ventricle, blood goes through this valve into the pulmonary artery.
What is the pulmonary valve?
300
Compared to veins, arteries have:
a) Higher pressure
b) Lower pressure
c) The same pressure
d) Thinner walls
a) Higher pressure
300
The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is used to assess:
blood circulation in extremities
300
25. Which part of the EKG (A, B, or C) represents atrial depolarization?
A
B
C
None of the above
A
400
The left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle because:
It pumps blood a longer distance
400
The aortic valve prevents backflow of blood into the:
Left ventricle
400
The purpose of valves in veins is to:
Prevent backward flow
400
If a person has a heart rate of 70 bpm and a stroke volume of 75 mL, what is their cardiac output?
5250 mL/min (70 bpm × 75 mL = 5250 mL/min)
400
Which phase (A, B, or C) corresponds to ventricular repolarization?
A
B
C
None of the above
C
500
What describes the difference between pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries that doesn't follow the conventional definition of arteries and veins?
Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart, while pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
500
What is the complete pathway of blood through the heart starting at the first veins?
Body → Superior/Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium → Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
500
Label each of the following:
A - artery
B - Capillary
C - Vein
500
Which of the following would cause a drop in blood pressure?
a) High heart rate
b) Increased blood volume
c) Loss of blood
d) Increased cardiac output
Loss of blood
500
If a patient’s EKG shows an elevated ST segment, what could this indicate?
a) Atrial fibrillation
b) Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
c) Ventricular tachycardia
d) Bradycardia
b) Myocardial infarction (heart attack)