Definitions
Blood Flow
Microcirculation
Control/Regulation of Circulation
Potpourri
100
A total measure of the amount of solute, or stuff, dissolved in a solvent (in this case, blood plasma).
What is osmolarity?
100
Blood flow can be calculated as a combination of these three factors.
What are MAP, venous pressure and resistance?
100
The three components of microcirculation are these.
What are arterioles, capillaries, and venules?
100
This neurotransmitter is released from postganglionic fibers and acts on metabotropic M2 receptors at heart tissue to decrease heart rate and contractility.
What is acetylcholine?
100
An ECG of a person exhibiting 2nd degree heart block (aka 2:1 block) will show this.
What are two P waves before each QRS wave?
200
A blood vessel, present in systemic capillary beds but not pulmonary capillary beds, that allows blood to pass from arteriole to venule without any gas exchange with tissues.
What is a metarteriole?
200
The rate of blood flow to tissues is controlled by this.
What is smooth muscle contraction in the arterioles?
200
Nitric oxide and endothelin are released in response to this.
What is vascular shear stress?
200
Sympathetic activation of alpha adrenurgic receptors has this physiologic effect.
What is vasoconstriction?
200
The highest amount of myocardial activity is associated with this factor of circulation.
What is pushing blood against a resistance?
300
A type of capillary characterized by circular pores that penetrate the endothelium and allow for increased movement of fluids.
What is a fenestrated capillary?
300
Blood flow to this renal will do this during exercise.
What is remain the same? DAILY DOUBLE BONUS!!!!
300
These are the opposing gradients that determine whether blood plasma is filtered into or out of the capillary.
What are pressure and osmotic gradients?
300
These cells are primarily responsible for the release of epinephrine into circulation (which mostly causes increases in heart rate and contractility and vasodilation, but can also induce minor vasoconstriction via the alpha-1 adrenurgic pathway).
What are chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla?
300
The pushing of blood through veins associated with movement and breathing is known as this.
What is the muscular pump?
400
The term describing the phenomenon of variations in contractile strength of ventricles with the filling volume (independent of any hormonal effects or other inputs). An example of a length-tension relationship in muscular tissue.
What is preload?
400
This is the primary factor that drives blood flow to tissues.
What is metabolic rate?
400
The blood plasma that is not reabsorbed into the capillaries goes here.
What is to lymphatic circulation (vessels, nodes, cisterna chyli, etc.) DAILY DOUBLE BONUS!!!!
400
Total peripheral resistance (and therefore MAP) is regulated by what three factors?
What are local control, the angiotensin II pathway, and sympathetic nervous system activation?
400
In general, the majority of the blood in circulation is located in these vessels.
What are veins?
500
The name of the period in which the ventricals are contracting, but the pressure generated is not enough to open the semilunar valves
What is isovolumetric contraction?
500
Blood flow to tissues fed by the superior mesentaric artery will decrease by a factor of this if the radius of the vessel is reduced to 1/2 of its original size (while all other variables remain the same).
What is 16?
500
Blood plasma is moving in what direction based on the following information: P(c)= 21 mmHg P(if) = -3 mmHg Sigma*Pi(c) = 24.5 mmHg Sigma*Pi(if) = 2.2 mmHg Where sigma is a reflection coefficient (correction factor) and L(p) is a permeability factor, neither of which you need to be concerned with because they will be given. i.e. ignore them in this problem.
What is out of the capillary (+1.7 mmHg)?
500
Describe 2 ways that heart rate (and therefore cardiac output and MAP) can be modified at the level of pacemaker cells.
What is by changing the pacemaker potential, allowing greater/lesser repolarization, or by changing the threshold for depolarization.
500
Describe 4 things that can be determined by looking at a Wigger's Diagram.
What are any of (LVEDV, LVESV, Stroke Volume, Ejection fraction, heart sounds, left atrial pressure, left ventricular pressure, relationship of electrical to mechanical activity of the heart, aortic pressure)?
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