Fluids and Electrolytes
Nursing Interventions for Hypernatremia
Nursing Interventions for Hypokalemia
What are administer ordered potassium replacement, potassium rich foods, cardiac monitoring, respiratory monitoring, safety.
Nursing Interventions for Hyponatremia
What are fluid restriction, correct with hypertonic solution (low and slow), treat cause.
Nursing Interventions for Hypercalcemia
What are Mobilization, hydration, loop diuretics, low Ca+ diet.
Electrolytes to monitor in clients with chronic renal failure
What are potassium, magnesium, and Phosphorus.
Causes of Hypokalemia
What are diuretics, GI losses (intake, NG suction, high volume ostomies), poor diet intake.
Nursing Interventions for Hyperkalemia
What are potassium restriction, dialysis, cardiac monitoring, respiratory assessment, safety, IV insulin administration.
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hyperparathyroidism, prolonged immobilization, excessive calcium supplements, malignancy.
Causes of Hypocalcemia
What are surgeries in the thyroid area, massive blood transfusions, decrease GI absorption, decreased PTH.
Calcitonin's Action
What is take calcium out of the blood and put it back in the bone.
PTH's Action
What is take calcium out of the bone and puts it into the blood stream.
What are renal failure, high K+ intake, Rapid IV infusion (over correction).
Potassium rich foods
What are potatoes, tomatoes, avocados, bananas, oranges, peas, raisins, and cantaloupe.
Clinical Manifestations of Hypocalcemia
What are positive Trousseau's sign, positive Chvostek's, bone fractures, dysrhythmias, muscle cramps, tetany, seizures.
Clinical Manifestations of Hypernatremia
What are impaired LOC, confusion, lethargy, seizures, thirst, coma, symptoms of FVD.
Clinical Manifestations of Hypokalemia
What are weak and irregular pulse, dysrhythmia, respiratory muscle weakness, skeletal muscle weakness and cramping, decrease GI motility.
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
What are Malnutrition, chronic alcoholism, diuretics.
Clinical Manifestations of Hypercalcemia
What are lethargy, weakness, depressed reflexes, dysrhythmias, anorexia, constipation.
Clinical Manifestation of Hyperkalemia
What are leg cramps/pain, skeletal muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, constipation, abdominal pain, diarrhea.
Nursing Intervention for Hypocalcemia
What are IV or PO supplementation, treat cause, seizure and safety precautions, vitamin D.
Nursing Diagnoses for Hypernatremia
What are risk for injury related to decrease neurological function and risk for seizures related to brain cells losing volume and shrinking.
Causes of Hyperphosphatemia
What are impaired renal function, hypocalcemia, chemo.
Phosphate=
Magnesium=
What are muscle contraction
What are muscle relaxation
Clinical Manifestations of Hyponatremia
What are confusion, irritability, headache, seizures.