Theorists
Credited with creating the Operant Conditioning Theory, this theorist's research focused on the use of reinforcement and punishment in changing behavior.
Who is B.F. Skinner.
This constructivist theory includes the processes through which existing knowledge structures are modified to incorporate new information.
What is Schema Theory.
Perspectives under this lens emphasize the central role of social interaction in the development of knowledge and learning.
What are the Social Learning Lenses.
According to Constructivism, this process fills in gaps when a person is trying to comprehend written and/or oral language. It is also known as "reading between the lines."
What is inferencing.
This model of reading is in contrast to the "bottom-up" model, and is primarily driven by what is in the reader's head.
What is the "Top-down" model.
This theorist is credited with creating Socio-Constructivism which is based on the belief that children's growth is primarily a result of their social interactions.
Who is Vygotsky.
The use of themes that connect content areas to literacy experiences is the foundation of this theory.
What is Whole Language Theory.
The foundation of this type of lenses on reading is derived from Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
This is the educational term for the assistance that adults and more competent peers provide during learning experiences. Also referred to as a gradual release of responsibility.
What is scaffolding.
The central component of the Automatic Informational Processing is this. There are two types: external and internal.
What is attention.
As a result of this theorist's contributions, it is now common for teachers to create follow-up activities to reading. One example is making connections.
Who is Rosenblatt.
This theory holds the basic belief that children's listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills begin at birth and is continuous and ongoing.
What is the Emergent Literacy Theory.
John Dewey was one of the first American philosophers to emphasize this lens on reading: inquiry learning to be exact.
What is the Constructivist Lens.
Semantic and webbing are versions of these that can be tied back to the Theory of Cognitive Development and help students move from concrete images to written language.
What are graphic organizers.
These type of readers are intrinsically motivated, mentally active, and use metacognitive strategies.
Who are engaged readers.
This theorist is associated with the Social Learning Theory, which he has since changed to Social Cognitive Theory.
Who is Bandura.
This theory helps describe the new kinds of skills readers need to negotiate electronic environments.
What are Multiliteracies Theory or new literacies.
This lens focuses on students' emotional needs as prerequisites for advancement of literacy abilities.
This instructional strategy aligns with the Social Learning Theory and focuses on the teacher demonstrating appropriate behaviors or responses.
What is modeling.
This type of strategy includes rereading, slowing down, or looking up word meanings when comprehension failures occur.
What are "fix-up" strategies.
This theorist is credited with the development of the Psycholinguistic Theory. He believed that reading is primarily a language process.
Who is Goodman.
What is the Metacognitive Theory.
Piaget is an example of a theorist from this lens: one that attempted to explain the growth of specific behaviors and abilities across time.
What is the Developmental Lens.
This form of reading instruction is linked to the behavioral perspective and focuses on the teacher's responsibility for student learning. Teaching procedures used during this method are very explicit.
What is direct instruction.
This theory emphasizes the importance of sleep to aid in necessary brain functions that take place while one sleeps.