Anatomy
Of the two branches of the Common carotid artery, this one typically is larger?
The internal carotid artery
What does TIA stand for?
Transient Ischemic Attack
This behavioral risk factor for strokes has a simple, one word preventative treatment: Quit.
Smoking
In the carotid system this vessel is considered to have a high resistive waveform.
External carotid artery
These two vessels join together to form the main artery(basilar artery) that feeds the brain stem.
The vertebral arteries
Where is the most common location for an atherosclerotic plaque stenosis to form in the carotid system.
The bulb (bifurcation)
This is the most common surgical treatment of significant carotid artery stenosis caused by plaque.
Carotid endarterectomy
This type of waveform has relatively high diastolic flow velocities and no reversal component.
Low resistive waveform
This is the first branch of the ascending aorta. Name both terms
Brachiocephalic or Innominate artery
This is the term used to describe an ischemic brain injury that shows neurologic effects for longer than 24 hours but ultimately completely reverses.
RIND Reverible Ischemic Neurological Deficit
This important systemic risk factor for stroke increases the potential energy in the entire vascular system and can be controlled with medication and lifestlye changes.
What is hypertension?
This swirling and twirling of flow is often seen in the immediate post stenotic region.
Turbulence
Name 8 ECA branches.
Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal, internal maxillary
What is the term for impairment of speech, lack of coordination and failure to arrange words in proper order
Dysphasia
What could we measure when performing a carotid exam that could predict early atherosclerosis on patients?
Carotid IMT
What artery shows the "bunny rabbit" waveform, and what does that tell us?
Vertebral Artery, early signs of subclavian steal
If you have a small or hypoplastic A1, will you have a small or large ACoA?
Small or hypoplastic A1 usually found in conjunction with large ACoA because contralateral A1 segment supplies most of the blood flow
What is a nonatherosclerotic disease that usually affects media of arterial wall in medium sized arteries. Predominantly occurs in renal arteries and in midsegment of ICA.
FMD- Fibromuscular Dysplasia
If we have an increase in our PSV, the stenosis must narrow the diameter of the artery by at least _____ %
50%
The patient has CHF, how will our Doppler appear?
Decreased Velocity