The Lion King
A two-part name is called?
Two taxa that share the most recent common ancestor are?
What is are sister taxa.
In-foldings of the plasma membrane have specialized what?
What are metabolic functions.
Movement of genes among individuals from different species is called?
What is Horizontal Gene Transfer
What is the Endosymbiont Theory?
Sometime in the past a cell engulfed a mitochondria and then diverged and then engulfed a chloroplast
The discipline that classifies and determines evolutionary relationships is called.
What is systematics.
A group of species that includes an ancestral species and ALL of its descendants is called a?
What is a clade.
Typical prokaryotes have smaller rings of independently replicating DNA called?
What are plasmids
What are the 3 types of symbiosis and what do they mean?
Mutualism- both symbiotic organisms benefit
Commensalism- one organism benefits while neither harming nor helping the other
Parasitism- an organism called a parasite harms but does not kill its host
There are two special kinds of modes of nutrition for protists besides photoautotrophs and heterotrophs. What are they and what do they mean?
Mixotrophs- combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition
Saprotroph- specialized heterotroph
A character that originate in an ancestor of the taxa is?
What is a shared ancestral character
The taxon with the least amount of common ancestors to the other taxa is called?
What is a Basal Taxon.
Prokaryotes reproduce via?
What is binary fission.
There are 2 different extremophiles. What are they and what does each mean?
Extreme Halophiles- live in highly saline environments
Extreme Thermophiles- Thrive on very hot environments
Protists are mostly unicellular, but are which type of organism?
What is eukaryote.
The evolutionary history of a species or group of related species is called?
What is Phylogeny.
An evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade is called?
What is a shared derived character.
What are the four major modes of nutrition, and what does each mean?
Photoautotroph-creates food from light
Chemoautotroph-creates food from inorganic chemicals
Photoheterotroph-gets energy from the sun
Chemoheterotroph-gets energy from organic compounds
What is the difference between transformation and transduction?
Transformation- When a prokaryote cell takes up and incorporates foreign DNA from the surrounding environment.
Transduction- The movement of genes between bacteria by phages
Animal-like protists are often called?
What are protozoa.
What are the two parts of a two-part name called?
What is a 1.genus and 2.epithet
There are three different kinds of clades. Name them and what each means and which one is the only valid clade.
Valid- monophyletic: consists of the ancestor species and all its descendants
Invalid- paraphyletic: consists of an ancestral species and some but not all of its descendants
Invalid- polyphyletic: consists of related species but not their common ancestors
The process where genetic material id transferred between prokaryotic cells is calles?
What is Conjugation.
Which type of prokaryotes function as decomposers?
What are chemoheterotrophs.
Plant-like protists are often called?
What are algae.