BEHAVIORAL HEALTH & PSYCHIATRY
This psychiatric disorder is characterized by recurrent unexpected episodes of intense fear that peak within minutes and may include palpitations, sweating, dyspnea, chest pain, dizziness, and fear of dying or losing control.
What is panic disorder?
This neurotransmitter is increased in the mesolimbic pathway in schizophrenia and is most strongly associated with positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.
What is dopamine?
This brainstem structure contains the parasympathetic nucleus that sends preganglionic fibers through CN III to constrict the pupil and accommodate the lens.
What is the Edinger-Westphal nucleus?
This dementia syndrome is particularly associated with visual hallucinations, fluctuating cognition, and parkinsonian features.
What is Lewy body dementia?
CSF demonstrates neutrophilic pleocytosis, markedly elevated protein, and decreased glucose.
What is bacterial meningitis?
This psychotic disorder involves hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized behavior lasting 1 day to less than 1 month, followed by a complete return to baseline.
What is brief psychotic disorder?
This antipsychotic is associated with the highest risk of metabolic syndrome and weight gain.
What is olanzapine?
This antiseizure medication binds SV2A on synaptic vesicles, reducing neurotransmitter release, has minimal hepatic metabolism, and has very few clinically significant drug interactions.
BONUS POINTS: What is the generic name for this drug?
What is levetiracetam?
BONUS ANSWER: Keppra
An older patient has ventriculomegaly associated with severe cortical atrophy. There is no evidence of elevated intracranial pressure and CSF diversion is not expected to correct the underlying problem.
What is hydrocephalus ex vacuo?
An infant has chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and diffuse intracranial calcifications after congenital infection.
What is congenital toxoplasmosis?
This antidepressant works primarily by inhibiting norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake and is notable for causing relatively little sexual dysfunction.
What is bupropion?
A patient with bipolar disorder is treated with valproic acid and later develops tremor, weight gain, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes. This medication also increases the risk of a specific congenital malformation.
What is a neural tube defect (especially spina bifida)?
An older adult develops progressive gait difficulty, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment. The patient's gait temporarily improves following removal of a large volume of CSF.
What is normal-pressure hydrocephalus?
An elderly patient taking an SSRI develops confusion several days after initiation. Laboratory testing reveals a low serum sodium concentration.
What is SSRI-associated SIADH causing hyponatremia?
An older patient develops rapid central vision loss, metamorphopsia, and a central scotoma due to abnormal leaky blood vessels growing from the choroid into the subretinal space.
What is wet (neovascular) age-related macular degeneration?
This antidepressant is particularly useful for a depressed patient who also has insomnia and poor appetite, because it causes sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain.
What is mirtazapine?
A patient taking venlafaxine develops persistently elevated blood pressure. This adverse effect is particularly associated with this antidepressant class.
What are SNRIs?
A patient develops vertigo, dysphagia, hoarseness, ipsilateral facial pain and temperature loss, contralateral body pain and temperature loss, and ipsilateral ataxia.
What is lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome?
An older patient with baseline dementia becomes acutely confused and inattentive after developing an infection. This is the next best step in treating this patient.
What is treatment of the underlying cause of delirium?
This antiviral is a guanosine nucleoside analog that requires phosphorylation by the viral UL97 kinase before host kinases complete activation. Its major dose-limiting toxicity is bone marrow suppression.
What is ganciclovir?
This physical examination finding strongly favors serotonin syndrome over neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
What are clonus and hyperreflexia?
This antidepressant increases norepinephrine and serotonin by blocking presynaptic α2 receptors and also blocks H1, 5-HT2, and 5-HT3 receptors.
What is mirtazapine?
A patient of Asian ancestry is started on an antiseizure medication for focal seizures. Before treatment, genetic testing is performed because a particular HLA allele markedly increases the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome with this medication.
What is carbamazepine in a patient with HLA-B*1502?
An 81-year-old man has had slowly progressive cognitive decline for several years. He is brought to the hospital after developing pneumonia. Within 24 hours, he becomes inattentive, disoriented, and intermittently somnolent. His symptoms fluctuate throughout the day.
After the pneumonia is treated, his acute confusion resolves, but his baseline memory and executive deficits remain. This is the diagnosis for this patient.
What is delirium superimposed on dementia?
This medication is an intravitreal soluble "VEGF trap" that binds VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor and is used as a first-line treatment for neovascular AMD.
What is aflibercept?