Bag o' BS
There are four kinds of variables: nominal/ordinal/interval/ratio. Gender is what kind of variable?
What is categorical?
What is male / female / other / non-binary / self-describe, etc.?
As temperature goes up, ice cream sales go up. What type of correlation is this: positive / negative (choose one)?
What is positive?
What is non-probability?
This type of hypothesis assumes no relationship or effect between two variables.
What is the null hypothesis?
I want to see if my standardized exam can predict how well a student does in college. This type of validity is called...
What is predictive validity?
This type of research design measures the dependent variable twice.
What is within-subjects? (also acceptable: repeated measures)
When r=.00, there is said to be _____ correlation between two variables.
What is no correlation?
I need 100 high school students for my study. I need to ensure I have 30% White, 20% Hispanic, 10% Asian, 15% Black, and 25% Other/Mixed Race. I keep recruiting participants until I achieve this mixture. This type of non-probability sampling is called _____________.
What is quota sampling?
This type of hypothesis is what the researcher expects to find in their study.
What is the alternative hypothesis?
This type of variable has no true zero.
What is interval?
I want to study the effect of sleep on math test scores. I randomly assign 10 students to sleep 8 hours, and another 10 students to sleep 4 hours. I have both groups take the same math test and compare their average scores. This study is: experimental/quasi-experimental (choose one)
What is experimental?
What is the mean?
This type of sampling separates people into groups, then randomly selects the groups.
What is cluster sampling?
This occurs when the research concludes there is no effect, but in reality, there is an effect.
What is a Type I error?
In a correlational study, the outcome variable is called: dependent / criterion (choose one)
What is criterion?
I want to understand which approach is more effective at treating ADHD among high school girls: medication or cognitive behavioral therapy. I go to an ADHD support group on campus and have high school girls take a survey indicating the severity of their symptoms. I also go to a facility specializing in cognitive behavioral therapy and ask the high school girls to do this same. This type of study is: experimental / quasi-experimental (choose one)
What is quasi-experimental?
Relation: Parent reading to child and children’s academic achievement
Third variable: Parent IQ
The third variable is a: confound/mediator (choose one)
What is a confound?
This type of sampling is nearly impossible to achieve in real life studies on human behavior.
What is simple random sampling?
Per APA, this type of statistic needs to be reported when writing results of a research study with 3 or more groups for comparison.
What is the F statistic?
Expedited IRB review is granted to this type of study.
What is minimal risk (but not exempt) studies?
This type of variable can be problematic in research, as it has effects on both the independent and dependent variables.
What is a confound?
Relation: Parental divorce and child’s future relationship problems
Third variable: Fear of abandonment
The third variable is a: confound/mediator (choose one)
What is a mediator?
What is no? (He cannot because he sampled only girls from California - even if it's a random sample, we don't know that girls from California can represent ALL girls in the US.)
Having these 3 things makes it more likely for you to get statistically significant results in your study:
What is... (1) a big effect (high r, t, F value), (2) large sample, (3) less restrictive p-value (e.g., p<.10)