Early Childhood SEL
True or False: Punitive parenting disrupts the development of empathy at an early age.
True
Middle childhood encompasses which of Piaget’s stages?
How does children's cognition change from early childhood to middle childhood (according to Piaget)?
Concrete operational stage
Children's thinking becomes more flexible, logical, and organized.
True or False: Children who experience hostile, dismissive parental reactions to distress typically respond by developing empathy for others in distress.
False
True or False: All U.S. states require physical education in every elementary school grade.
FASLE
Describe 3 types of play as it relates to peers.
Solitary/observant play
Parallel play (near other children)
Associative play (separate activities, share objects or toys)
Cooperative play (play together towards a common goal)
Play categories: Functional, constructive, make-believe.
What is an "inclusive classroom"?
Settings in which students with learning difficulties learn alongside typical students in the regular educational setting for part or all of the school day.
Name 3 things that help foster resilience in middle childhood.
Many resources for personal, family, school, and community level.
See page 517.
What is the most common cause of unintentional injuries during middle childhood?
Motor vehicle accidents followed by bicycle injuries.
What type of parenting style is generally associated with the best outcomes for children?
Authoritative child-rearing style.
Describe 3 memory strategies.
Rehearsal - repeating information
Organization - grouping similar information together
Elaboration - creating meaning or relationships between items or pieces of information.
What are the components or “self-esteems” that make up children’s general self-esteem?
Academic competence
Social competence
Physical/athletic competence
Physical appearance
True or False: During middle childhood, all 20 primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones
TRUE
How can a parent support the development of empathy in children?
Responding with empathetic concern
Promote effective emotion-regulation strategies
Avoid punitive punishment
What is the Flynn effect and what are some possible explanations?
Globally, people seem to be getting smarter.
Nutrition/health, sophisticated skills, technology, test-taking skills
What is person praise vs process praise?
Which yields better outcomes?
Person praise - emphasizes child's traits
Process praise - emphasizes behavior and effort
Process praise - competence can be developed through hard work and effective strategies
Describe qualities of children’s play that are evident in middle childhood.
Games with rules become more common.
Participation in adult organized sports.
Rough and tumble play.
What is the difference between proactive and reactive aggression?
Proactive aggression (instrumental aggression) - act to fulfill a need or desire
Reactive aggression - angry, defensive response; meant to hurt another person
Name and describe one of the three components of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence.
Analytic (information processing skills)
Practical (intellectual skills in everyday situations)
Creative (solve novel problems)
Describe growth mindset vs fixed mindset as it pertains to abilities.
Growth mindset - Ability can be increased through trying and using effective strategies. Focus is on learning goals.
Fixed mindset - ability is set in stone and cannot be improved upon. Focus is on performance goals.
Relate secular trends in physical growth to the concept of cohort effects.
Overall children are taller than previous generations at the same age. Improved nutrition and health contribute to this trend.
See section 11.1.2.