Pathophysiology
Risk Factors and Epidemiology
Diagnostics and Treatment
General Anatomy
Miscellaneous
100
What is the most common type of cerebral aneurysm?
What is berry aneurysm?
100
What would be the Glasgow coma scale for a patient who has their eyes closed, has no verbal response, and has no motor response?
What is 0
100
What imaging test is was used to diagnose Miss Sampson's aneurysm?
what is a CTA (computerized tomographic angiography)?
100
What reabsorbs CSF?
What are arachnoid villi?
100
When her headache began suddenly, Miss Sampson said it felt like
What is someone hit her on the head with a baseball bat?
200
Cranial nerve 2 compression leads to which field vision defect?
What is bitemporal hemianopia?
200
Name a potential complication of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm
What are rebleeding, disruption of sodium balance, hydrocephalus, and vasospasm
200
Why did our patient develop acute pain?
What is rupture of the aneurysm?
200
Name a structure lateral to the optic chiasm and another that is directly anterior to the optic chiasm
What are supraclinal internal carotid artery (lateral) and anterior cerebral/anterior communicating arteries (anterior)?
200
Bacterial endocarditis can result in what type of aneurysm?
What is mycotic aneurysm?
300
What is the main side effect of an unruptured cerebral aneurysm (not a specific cerebral artery)?
What is Mass Effect
300
What is a sentinel bleed?
Sometimes an aneurysm may leak a small amount of blood into the brain (called a sentinel bleed). Sentinel or warning headaches may result from an aneurysm that suffers a tiny leak, days or weeks prior to a significant rupture. However, only a minority of individuals have a sentinel headache prior to rupture.
300
Upon subarachnoid hemorrhage, what can be seen on spinal tap?
What is Xanthochromia?
The presence of bilirubin in the cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in yellow discoloration that can be assessed by direct visualization or, if available, via spectrophotometry. Typically, xanthochromia is a result of hemoglobin breakdown that occurs within 12 hours after bleeding into the CSF (most commonly due to a subarachnoid hemorrhage). Rarely, xanthochromia can occur because of significant hyperbilirubinemia.
300
Why is the eye "down and out" in a CN III palsy?
What is unopposed SO and LR?
300
Did our patient have an extra small, small, medium, or giant aneurysm?
What is small?
Aneurysms are also classified by size: small, large, and giant.
- Small aneurysms are less than 11 millimeters in diameter (about the size of a large pencil eraser).
- Large aneurysms are 11 to 25 millimeters (about the width of a dime).
- Giant aneurysms are greater than 25 millimeters in diameter (more than the width of a quarter).
400
In the event of a cerebral artery aneurysm rupture, where would the blood most likely collect?
What is the subarachnoid space?
400
Name 2 genetic risk factors to cerebral aneurysms
what are Polycystic kidney disease, connective tissue disease, Turner's, AV malformations.
400
Describe the surgical procedure used to treat Miss Sampson's aneurysm.
What is clipping- make sure these kids describe it accurately
400
The the anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating arteries, internal carotid arteries, posterior cerebral arteries, and posterior communicating arteries anastomose to form which structure?
What is the Circle of Willis?
400
Describe two ways a patient can try to prevent rupture of their cerebral aneurysm.
What are carefully control BP, avoid cocaine/stimulants, quit smoking.
500
What is an uncommon visual problem that may arise due to a subarachnoid hemorrhage? It presents with hymphema and black opacities/visual loss.
What is Tenson syndrome which is hemorrhage between the retina and the posterior vitreous membrane (preretinoid subhyaloid hemorrhage)?
500
Cerebral Aneurysms are most common in which patient population?
What are post menopausal women?
500
Why can secondary vasospasm occur after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and how can you treat it?
What is bleeding causes the arteries in the brain to contract and limit blood flow to vital areas of the brain. This can be due to compression from impaired CSF drainage. This can cause strokes from lack of adequate blood flow to parts of the brain. Treat with nimodipine.
500
What cranial nerve would most likely be affected by an aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery?
What is CN III (oculomotor) ?
500
Name 4 types of healthcare workers that would be present in a brain injury unit
What are:
Physician (neurologist, psychiatrist, neuroradiologist, sports medicine)
Speech-Language Pathologist
Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapist
Physical/Occupational Therapist
Vestibular/Balance Laboratory