Atoms & Fusion
What particles are found in the nucleus of an Atom?
Protons & Neutrons
Which physical quantity measures how much matter an object has?
Matter
What happens to magnetic force when distance increases?
Magnetic force decreases.
What are three basic properties of waves that describe size or shape?
frequency (how often waves pass), amplitude (height), Wavelength (how long the Wave is)
What does redshift tell us?
Galaxies are moving away, and the universe is expanding.
What charge do electrons have?
Negative
Why might two people see an object move differently?
They have different reference points
What is one way to make an electromagnet stronger?
Add more coils OR increase current.
Name one difference between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves in terms of what they need to travel.
mechanical waves need a medium; electromagnetic waves do not.
What is the CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background)?
Leftover radiation from the early universe.
Where does nuclear fusion occur?
Describe Newton’s 3rd Law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What creates a magnetic field in an electromagnet?
Electricity flowing through a wire.
Describe what happens to a wave when it is reflected and give a simple example.
reflection sends wave back into medium at same angle (mirror, echo).
What two elements were most abundant after the Big Bang?
Hydrogen and helium.
What does fusion create when hydrogen atoms combine?
Helium + energy
What two factors affect the strength of gravity?
Mass and distance.
What two factors affect electric field strength?
Size of charge and distance between charges.
Explain why digitized (digital) signals are generally more reliable than analog signals when sending information.
digital uses discrete values, less affected by noise; easier error detection/correction.
Why is the Big Bang model widely accepted?
It matches observational evidence (redshift, CMB, elemental abundance).
Predict what happens to the number of protons in an atom when it changes from one element to another, and explain why this changes the element identity.
number of protons defines element; changing proton count changes element
A rocket launches upward. Explain how Newton’s 3rd Law makes this possible.
The rocket pushes gas downward, and the gas pushes the rocket upward with an equal and opposite force.
How can we increase electric current in a motor or generator?
Increase voltage, increase coil turns, or reduce resistance.
A scientist sends the same message using both a digital signal and an analog signal. During the transmission, the signals pass through an area with strong electrical interference.
Predict which signal will deliver the message more accurately and explain why using your knowledge of wave behavior
The digital signal will deliver the message more accurately.
How does gravity help form stars and galaxies?
It pulls gas and dust together over time to form massive structures.