Engel v. Vitale
This case involved a challenge to a public school policy that required students to recite this type of prayer each morning.
What is a non-denominational prayer?
This case centered on a defendant who was denied the right to an attorney in a state felony case in which state law did not provide one.
Who is Clarence Earl Gideon?
This case involved students who wore black armbands to protest the Vietnam War, challenging the school's prohibition of the action.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines
This case involved the government attempting to prevent the New York Times and Washington Post from publishing classified documents, arguing it posed a threat to national security.
What is New York Times Co. v. United States
This case involved Amish parents who sought to remove their children from school after eighth grade, citing a conflict with their religious beliefs.
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder
The Court ruled that government-sponsored prayer in public schools violates this clause of the First Amendment.
What is the Establishment Clause?
The Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment guarantees this right, even in state trials, ensuring fairness in criminal prosecutions.
What is the right to counsel?
The Court ruled that students do not lose their rights to this constitutional protection when they enter a public school.
What is freedom of speech?
The Court ruled that the government did not meet this heavy standard, allowing the press to publish the Pentagon Papers.
What is prior restraint?
The Court ruled that compelling Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violated this clause of the First Amendment.
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
The case involved a public school in this state, where a prayer was led by the school system.
What is New York?
This decision applied the right to an attorney to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause.
What is the incorporation doctrine?
The decision in this case was based on the idea that students’ actions did not disrupt the educational environment, thus protecting this form of expression.
What is symbolic speech?
This case reinforced the importance of this First Amendment right, even in matters of national security.
What is freedom of the press?
The Court in this case balanced the state’s interest in education against the Amish community’s right to practice their religion freely.
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
The Court ruled that even if the prayer was non-denominational, it still violated the Establishment Clause because it involved this action by the government.
What is government sponsorship of religion?
The Court unanimously ruled that states are required to provide an attorney to indigent defendants facing serious charges under this amendment.
What is the Sixth Amendment?
The Court's ruling in this case reinforced that schools cannot limit student expression unless it causes this type of disruption.
What is substantial disruption?
The Pentagon Papers contained classified information about U.S. involvement in this Southeast Asian country, which led to the case.
What is Vietnam?
The ruling in this case gave greater protection to religious practices, allowing this group to withdraw their children from school beyond the eighth grade.
What is the Amish community?
This decision reinforced the principle that the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment requires a separation of church and state in public schools.
What is Engel v. Vitale
This case dramatically expanded the rights of criminal defendants in state courts, ensuring that justice was not denied to those without financial resources.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)?
This landmark case involved students in this state’s school district who were protesting the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
What is Iowa?
The Court ruled in this case that the First Amendment generally protects the press, even when the information being published is critical of this branch of government.
What is the executive branch?
The case raised the question of whether state education laws could outweigh religious freedoms in this context.
What is compulsory education?