Breast/Lung/Thyroid Ca
The 3 features of Horner's syndrome
miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis
The trauma diamond of death contains these 4 components
hypothermia, hypocalcemia, acidosis, coagulopathy
Most common anatomical location of a diverticulum
Sigmoid Colon
Makes poo brown
Stercobilin
How many weeks pregnant is Jemima?
12+1
All patients undergoing breast conserving surgery should have this additional treatment
Adjuvant radiotherapy
This anticoagulant buffers the effects of antithrombin and is also commonly used as a bridging therapy
Clexane / enoxaparin / LMWH
Jaundice, RUQ pain, fever, hypotension and confusion
Reynolds Pentad - cholangitis
Treatment for this biliary disease is analgesia, fluid resuscitation, and IV antibiotics until patient is stable, then ERCP and later, a cholecystectomy.
(Acute cholangitis)
Painless jaundice + RUQ mass
Courvoisier's Law - Ca in head of pancreas or cholangiocarcinoma
Hormonal therapy for breast cancer in post-menopausal women
Aromatase inhibitors
Posterior duodenal ulcers are more likely to bleed than anterior ulcers as they occur in closer proximity this blood vessel
Gastroduodenal artery
Example of true diverticulum
Meckels
Sausage shaped pancreas
IgG4 disease
Protein/tumor marker that is tracked post thyroid surgery + radioactive iodine. If treatment is effective, it should be undetectable in serum.
Thyroglobulin
Marker of medullary thyroid cancer
Calcitonin
This mechanical hemostasis technique, slows bleeding by placing pressure on major vessels proximal to the injury e.g. in groin or axilla
Junctional Pressure
Blood vessels which cause bleeding in colonic diverticular disease
Vasa Recta
An impacted gallstone in the cystic duct or Hartmann's pouch causes extrinsic compression of the common hepatic duct
(Mirizzi Syndrome)
Anatomical distinction between upper and lower GI bleeding
Ligament of Treitz
Characteristic (i) histological feature (ii) gene mutation and (iii) route of spread associated with papillary thyroid cancer
Orphan Annie cells; BRAF gene; lymphatic spread
Heparin reversal agent
Protamine Sulfate
(i) Anatomical boundaries of the midgut (ii) it's predominant blood supply and (iii) where pain is felt
Distal half of 2nd part of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon; SMA; peri-umbillical pain
More common in middle aged men, this autoimmune liver disease damages intra AND extra hepatic bile ducts and is AMA negative
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Due to a deficiency or total absence of glycurinyl transferase, this syndrome results in an unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Criggler Najjar