Rock Cycle
What are the three main rock types?
Igneous, Sedimentary, and Ketamorphic
What are the types of Igneous Rocks?
Intrusive and Extrusive
What are the types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic, Organic, and Chemical
What are the types of Metamorphic Rocks?
Foliated and Non-Foliated
What is a mineral?
A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a specific ordered atomic structure
What is the rock cycle?
The rock cycle is the continuous process that forms, breaks down, and changes rocks between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic types
What are rocks formed from lava called?
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
What is a sediment?
Loose particles of rock, minerals, and organic material
Can metamorphic rocks melt?
Yes. If heated enough, they melt into magma
What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale?
What is the softest mineral on the Mohs scale?
Diamond
Talc
Name one way igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are connected in the rock cycle.
Any rock can become another through melting, weathering, or heat/pressure.
What happens when magma cools?
It crystallizes into intrusive igneous rocks
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Sediments are deposited, compacted, and cemented together over time
What does metamorphism mean?
A change in a rock's minerals or texture due to heat and pressure
What scale measures hardness?
The Mohs Hardness Scale
Why is it called a cycle?
Because rocks continuously change from one type to another with no beginning or end
How is magma formed?
Rocks melt deep within Earth's crust or mantle due to high temperatures
What is compaction?
When pressure squeezes sediments together, reducing the space between them
What is a Protolith?
A protolith is the original rock that a metamorphic rock forms from heat, pressure, and chemical changes during metamorphism.
What is luster?
The way a mineral reflects light
When does the Rock Cycle happen?
Forever, it is an ongoing process throughout Earth
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
Intrusive rocks cool slowly underground and have large crystals. Extrusive rocks cool quickly at the surface and have small crystals
Name at least 3 different Sedimentary Environments
Alluvial Fan, Delta, Floodplain, Shallow Marine, and Deep Marine
What is the difference between Foliated and Non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks
Foliated Rocks have minerals arranged in layers or bands, while Non-foliated Rocks don't
What is fluorescence?
The property of glowing under ultraviolet (UV) light