Pathophysiology
This is the most common cause of cataracts.
What is aging?
When caused by cataracts, this symptom cannot be corrected by glasses
What is blurred vision?
The outmost layer of the eyeball that maintains eye shape and protects the eye.
What is the sclera?
Before light reaches the retina, it passes through many parts of the eye that bend it to focus the light onto the retina.
What is refraction of light?
Because cataracts do not always develop at the same rate, this can occur in patients with cataracts.
What is differences in vision (between two eyes)?
Cataracts are the principle cause of this globally.
What is blindness?
It controls the dilation of pupil hence the amount of light passing through to the retina.
What is the function of the iris?
This reflex helps the eye to bring objects into focus by adjusting the lens.
What is the accommodation reflex?
The breakdown of these causes the lens to become less flexible, less transparent, and thicker.
What are proteins and fibres?
This is the medical terminology for when someone experiences double vision.
What is diplopia?
The only eye muscle that is innervated by the trochlear nerve (IV)
What is the superior oblique muscle?
This controls the constricting fibres in the ciliary muscle.
This is the cause of blurred vision in cataract patients.
What is cataracts scattering and blocking the light from reaching the retina?
This type of cataract is the most common, increasing refractive power (correcting farsightedness in some patients) and causing decreased color contrast and poor night vision.
What is nuclear cataracts?
The point of clearest vision with high concentration of cones.
What is the fovea?
This type of movement allows for rapid shifts in the gaze so that the central retina can assess the surrounding environment.
What are saccades?
These conditions can predispose patients towards developing cataracts or cause the,.
What are genetic disorders, other eye conditions, past eye surgery, medical conditions such as diabetes and long term steroid use?
The most common symptom from this type of cataract is glare, especially from car headlights when driving at night.
What is cortical cataracts?
Anterior to the orbital septum, tears drain from here into the nasolacrimal duct.
What is a lacrimal sac?
Visual information travels here to generate visual reflexes to focus on certain objects.
What is the pretectal nuclei and superior colliculus in the brainstem?