Obesity, Diabetes & Bone Health
Outline one preventative measure for osteoporosis.
Weight training!
Define hypokinetic disease
Diseases associated with a lack of physical activity/exercise
Identify one blood vessel of the coronary circulation.
Left or right coronary artery, left anterior descending artery, or circumflex artery
Outline physical activity guidelines for the promotion of good health in adults
150 hours of physical activity per week, 2 days of strength training
Define the term mood
A state of emotional or arousal of varing durations
Outline one method for determining obesity
BMI, which is the Body Mass Index found through weight (kg)/height (m)^2
Distinguish the term exercise
exercise: leisure-time physical activity, planned
List three risk factors of cardiovascular disease, at least one which is modifiable and one that is not
any of these three: cigarette smoking, high blood pressure (hypertension), high cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, age, gender, ethnicity, family history
Discuss barriers to physical activity
Lack of time, social influence, lack of energy, lack of willpower, fear of injury, lack of skill, lack of resources
Outline the effects of exercise on changing mood states
Exercise can help with fatigue, anxiety, depression, and anger
Outline the major health consequences for someone who is obese.
Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension, Type II Diabetes, Osteoarthritis, Respiratory Problems, Some cancers such as bowel cancer, Visceral Fat (belly fat found deep within your abdominal cavity)
State two hypokinetic diseases
Coronary heart disease, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and/or osteoporosis
How can physical activity especially increase risk for cardiovascular disease?
It is also a risk factor for high blood pressure, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and low HDL cholesterol
Outline two aims of exercise for individuals with a hypokinetic disease
Prevention/management of hypokinetic disease
Describe how exercise enhances psychological well-being
Distractions from daily routine, enhanced feeling of control, competency, positive social interactions, improved self-esteem
Discuss why an osteoporitic fracture could lead to mental health difficulties.
Isolation, hospital visits, lack of independence, fear of falling/experiencing another fracture
Explain the relationship between major societal changes and hypokinetic disease.
Decrease of physical activities due to overreliance on cars, easier to work from home, lower physical activity leads to hypokinetic disease
Outline atherosclerosis
Arteries become damaged and blocked by cholesterol and other materials, limits and can eventually block blood flow
Explain the role of exercise in reducing the effects of anxiety and depression
If you exercise once, you will feel less anxious, if you give yourself harder and harder exercises without recovering, you will feel more anxious because of lack of improvement despite harder exercises. Exercise has been seen to alleviate symptoms of depression
Describe the principal differences with regard to type I and type II diabetes. Make specific reference to the role of diet, exercise and insulin in treatment
Type 1: destruction of the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, requires insulin treatments for the rest of life
Type 2: insufficient creation of insulin, can be prevented through dieting/exercise
Discuss how studies of different populations provide evidence of the link between physical activity and hypokinetic disease
studies show that bus conductors have a much lower prevalence of heart attacks (half as many) than bus drivers → they also climb hundreds of stairs a day, while bus drivers sit for the majority of their shift (explain how lowered physical activity led to higher occurrence of hypokinetic disease)
Discuss how routine physical inactivity can lead to cardiovascular disease
- physical activity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
- physical activity is also a risk factor for high blood pressure, obesity, type 2 diabetes, etc.
- having multiple risk factors compounds the risk of cardiovascular disease
Discuss physical health barriers to exercise for adults aged 65 and above
Lack of energy, fear of injury, lack of skill
Discuss potential personal and environmental barriers to physical activity
1) lack of time, 2) social influence, 3) lack of energy, 4) lack of willpower, 5) fear of injury, 6) lack of skill, and 7) lack of resource